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. 2017 Oct 26;7:14139. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14673-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Shell shape phenotypic variation. Shell shape divergence in lake and river populations of the asexual snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Shell shape measurements are indicated by red lines in the inset picture. (A) Shell height is the total length from apex to tip of aperture. (B) Shell aperture/shell length measures the size of the shell opening relative to shell height. Statistical significance based on Student’s t-test; error bars represent one standard error.