Table 1.
List of the phasins reviewed in the text, with their most relevant characteristics
| Organism | Phasin | Molecular mass (kDa) | UNIPROT accession number (localization) | Most relevant characteristics and roles | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ralstonia eutropha | PhaP1 Reu | 20.0 |
AAC78327 (chromosome 1) |
Homotrimer . Major phasin present in R. eutropha Plays role in the amount, size and number of granules, and in their degradation . Biotechnological application as immobilization tag |
(Steinbuchel et al., 1995; Wieczorek et al., 1995; York et al., 2001a; York et al., 2001b; Potter et al., 2002; York et al., 2002; Potter et al., 2004; Banki et al., 2005; Barnard et al., 2005; Backstrom et al., 2007; Kuchta et al., 2007; Neumann et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008; Yao et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2014; Sznajder et al., 2015) |
| PhaP2 Reu | 20.2 |
AAP85954 (plasmid pHG1) |
Secondary participation in PHB accumulation and mobilization | (Schwartz et al., 2003; Potter et al., 2004) | |
| PhaP3 Reu | 19.6 |
AY489113 (chromosome 1) |
Secondary participation in PHB accumulation and mobilization | (Potter et al., 2004) | |
| PhaP4 Reu | 20.2 |
AY489114 (chromosome 2) |
Secondary participation in PHB accumulation and mobilization | (Potter et al., 2004) | |
| PhaP5Reu | 15.7 |
H16_B1934 (chromosome 2) |
Secondary participation in PHB accumulation and mobilization | (Pfeiffer and Jendrossek, 2011) | |
| PhaP6 Reu | 22.7 |
H16_B1988 (chromosome 2) |
Secondary participation in PHB accumulation and mobilization | (Pfeiffer and Jendrossek, 2012) | |
| PhaP7 Reu | 16.4 |
H16_B2326 (chromosome 2) |
Secondary participation in PHB accumulation and mobilization | (Pfeiffer and Jendrossek, 2012) | |
| Pseudomonas putida | PhaF | 26.3 | Q9Z5E6 |
Tetramer. Responsible for non‐specific binding to DNA . Intrinsically disordered in its majority unless bound to its ligands . Involved in the PHA biosynthesis, localization of the granules in the cell and in their distribution between daughter cells during cell division . Transcriptional regulator |
(Prieto et al., 1999; Moldes et al., 2004; Ren et al., 2010; Galan et al., 2011; Dinjaski and Prieto, 2013; Maestro et al., 2013) |
| PhaI | 15.4 | Q9Z5E7 |
Involved in the biosynthesis and accumulation of PHA . Biotechnological application as BioF affinity tag to immobilize or purify fusion proteins |
(Prieto et al., 1999; Moldes et al., 2004; Moldes et al., 2006; Ren et al., 2010; Dinjaski and Prieto, 2013; Maestro et al., 2013) | |
| Pseudomonas sp. 61‐3 | PhaF | 25.6 | Q8L3N9 | Phasin bound to P(3HB‐co‐3HA) copolymers solely when granules are enriched in 3HA (C6–C12) in more than 13 mol% | (Matsumoto et al., 2002 ; Hokamura et al., 2015) |
| PhaI | 15.4 | Q8L3P0 | Phasin bound to P(3HB‐co‐3HA) copolymers solely when granules are enriched in 3HA (C6–C12) in more than 13 mol% | (Matsumoto et al., 2002 ; Hokamura et al., 2015) | |
| PhbP | 20.4 | A0A0K2QTP6 | Phasin bound to P(3HB‐co‐3HA) copolymers solely when granules are enriched in 3HB in more than 87 mol% | (Matsumoto et al., 2002 ; Hokamura et al., 2015) | |
| Paracoccus denitrificans | PhaPPde | 16.5 | Q9WX81 | Involved in the PHA granule formation, ensuring the correct number and size of granules by preventing coalescence and their distribution throughout the cytoplasm | (Maehara et al., 1999) |
| Rhodococcus ruber | GA14 | 14.2 |
Q53051 (ORF3) |
Binding to the PHA through two hydrophobic patches present in the C‐terminal region of the protein Control of the granule size |
(Pieper and Steinbuchel, 1992; Pieper‐Furst et al., 1994; Pieper‐Furst et al., 1995) |
| Azotobacter sp. FA‐8 | PhaPAz | 20.4 | Q8KRE9 |
Tetramer. PHA binding by amphipathic α‐helices induces protein structuration. Promotes bacterial growth and PHA synthesis. General stress‐reducting action. Chaperone‐like mechanism |
(Pettinari et al., 2003; de Almeida et al., 2007; de Almeida et al., 2011; Mezzina et al., 2014; Mezzina et al., 2015) |
| Aeromonas caviae | PhaPAc | 12.6 | Q79EN2 | Important role in biosynthesis and metabolism of PHA | (Fukui et al., 2001; Saika et al., 2014; Ushimaru et al., 2014; Kawashima et al., 2015; Ushimaru et al., 2015) |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | PhaPAh | 12.6 | O32470 |
Tetrameric in solution, monomeric when bound to PHA granules. Involved in PHA biosynthesis. Controls granule size and number. Transcription regulator of phaC gene |
(Tian et al., 2005; Zhao et al., 2016) |
| Rhodospirillum rubrum | ApdA | 17.5 | Q8GD50 | 55% identity with Mms16 from Magnetospirillum | (Handrick et al., 2004a; Handrick et al., 2004b) |
| Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens | PhaP1Bd | 12.3 | Q89JW4 | Predominantly alpha‐helical | (Yoshida et al., 2013; Quelas et al., 2016) |
| PhaP2Bd | 17.3 | Q89IS9 | Predominantly alpha‐helical | (Yoshida et al., 2013; Quelas et al., 2016) | |
| PhaP3Bd | 12.4 | Q89H66 |
Predominantly alpha‐helical. Minor expression |
(Yoshida et al., 2013; Quelas et al., 2016) | |
| PhaP4Bd | 15.4 | Q89DP4 |
Predominantly alpha‐helical. C‐terminal region very rich in alanine residues. Favoured expressed when using yeast extract‐mannitol medium |
(Yoshida et al., 2013; Quelas et al., 2016) |