Table 1. Distribution of study variables among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder and matched controls, and OR and corresponding 95% CI for OCD associated with suicide-related events, comorbid disorders and parental education.
| OCD cases (n=36 788) | General population controls (n=367 880) | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Death by suicide (n, %) | 545 (1.48) | 579 (0.16) | 9.83 (8.72–11.08) |
| Men | 298 (1.86) | 368 (0.23) | 8.44 (7.22–9.86) |
| Women | 247 (1.19) | 211 (0.10) | 12.25 (10.16–14.78) |
| Suicide attempt (n, %) | 4297 (11.68) | 8906 (2.42) | 5.45 (5.24–5.67) |
| Men | 1507 (9.42) | 3549 (2.22) | 4.67 (4.39–4.98) |
| Women | 2790 (13.42) | 557 (2.58) | 5.99 (5.70–6.29) |
| Age at death by suicide (mean, s.d.)a | 42.55 (14.66) | 45.45 (17.63) | − |
| Men | 41.59 (14.03) | 45.33 (17.14) | − |
| Women | 43.71 (15.34) | 45.66 (18.49) | − |
| Age at first suicide attempt (mean, s.d.)b | 30.31 (14.50) | 28.56 (15.59) | − |
| Men | 32.61 (14.64) | 30.04 (15.85) | − |
| Women | 29.07 (14.27) | 27.58 (15.34) | − |
| Suicide attempts per individual (n, %)b | |||
| One attempt | 2168 (50.45) | 5985 (67.20) | 0.51 (0.43–0.61) |
| Men | 815 (54.08) | 2439 (68.72) | 0.65 (0.47–0.88) |
| Women | 1353 (48.49) | 3546 (66.19) | 0.45 (0.37–0.56) |
| Two attempts | 827 (19.25) | 1493 (16.76) | 1.22 (0.98–1.52) |
| Men | 291 (19.31) | 583 (16.43) | 1.35 (0.90–2.01) |
| Women | 536 (19.21) | 910 (16.19) | 1.17 (0.90–1.53) |
| More than two attempts | 1302 (30.30) | 1428 (16.03) | 2.07 (1.69–2.53) |
| Men | 401 (26.61) | 527 (14.85) | 1.42 (0.99–2.01) |
| Women | 901 (32.29) | 901 (16.82) | 2.47 (1.92–3.17) |
| Comorbid psychiatric conditions (n, %) | |||
| Anxiety disorders | 17 435 (47.39) | 16 676 (4.53) | 21.00 (20.40–21.62) |
| Affective disorders | 16 560 (45.01) | 20 380 (5.54) | 15.25 (14.84–15.67) |
| Substance use disorders | 5872 (15.96) | 13 889 (3.78) | 4.97 (4.81–5.14) |
| Personality disorders | 5205 (14.15) | 3311 (0.90) | 19.38 (18.47–20.33) |
| Psychotic disorders | 4365 (11.87) | 3518 (0.96) | 14.25 (13.60–14.94) |
| Other psychiatric disorders | 9696 (26.36) | 14 568 (3.96) | 9.42 (9.13–9.71) |
| Parental level of education (n, %) | |||
| Elementary education (⩽9 years) | 5660 (15.39) | 55 788 (15.16) | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) |
| Secondary education (10–12 years) | 13 247 (36.01) | 131 177 (35.66) | 0.94 (0.91–0.96) |
| Higher education (>12 years) | 11 838 (32.18) | 107 515 (29.23) | 1.08 (1.06–1.11) |
| Missing data | 6043 (16.43) | 73400 (19.95) | 0.67 (0.65–0.70) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder; OR, odds ratio.
a
In those who have died by suicide.
b
In those with at least one suicide attempt.