Table 2.
Association between Diabetes, fruits and vegetables in CHANCES participants
| Portions/day of fruit intake | P | Total intake 1 portion/day | Portions/day of vegetable intake | P | Total intake | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| <1.5 | 1.5–2.4 | 2.5–3.9 | ≥4 | <1.5 | 1.5–2.4 | 2.5–3.9 | ≥4 | |||||
| NIH-AARP | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.82 | 1.99 | 3.24 | 7.73 | 1.04 | 2.02 | 3.20 | 6.41 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.93(0.88–0.97) | 0.86(0.82–0.89) | 0.86(0.83–0.89) | <0.01 | 1.00(1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.91(0.87–0.95) | 0.89(0.85–0.93) | 0.98(0.93–1.02) | 0.03 | 1.02(1.01–1.02) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.96(0.91–1.02) | 0.95(0.91–0.99) | 0.95(0.91–0.99) | 0.04 | 1.00(0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.92(0.87–0.97) | 0.88(0.84–0.94) | 0.92(0.87–0.97) | 0.14 | 1.00(0.99–1.01) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| EPIC Elderly (All) | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.87 | 1.89 | 3.18 | 5.3 | 0.97 | 1.9 | 3.18 | 5.5 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.86(0.69–1.07) | 0.96(0.79–1.16) | 1.01(0.83–1.22) | 0.24 | 1.01(0.98–1.04) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.98(0.79–1.21) | 1.19(0.95–1.51) | 1.23(0.97–1.56) | 0.05 | 1.03(0.99–1.06) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.95(0.73–1.23) | 1.01(0.80–1.28) | 1.01(0.80–1.28) | 0.88 | 1.00(0.97–1.03) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.99(0.79–1.26) | 1.11(0.86–1.45) | 1.05(0.79–1.37) | 0.72 | 0.99(0.96–1.03) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| EPIC Elderly Spain | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.57 | 1.94 | 3.21 | 5.98 | 1.05 | 1.98 | 3.11 | 5.03 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.59(0.82–3.13) | 1.15(0.61–2.18) | 1.47(0.82–2.63) | 0.36 | 1.02(0.96–1.08) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.76(1.04–2.96) | 1.52(0.90–2.56) | 1.35(0.76–2.37) | 0.76 | 0.99(0.91–1.99) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.83(0.91–3.67) | 1.28(0.66–2.54) | 1.75(0.94–3.26) | 0.17 | 1.04(0.98–1.0) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.89(1.10–3.26) | 1.66(0.96–2.87) | 1.42(0.78–2.58) | 0.72 | 0.99(0.90–1.00) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| EPIC Elderly Greece | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 1.06 | 2.08 | 3.28 | 5.29 | 1.15 | 2.12 | 3.39 | 5.61 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.04(0.72–1.49) | 1.08(0.78–1.49) | 1.13(0.83–1.56) | 0.24 | 1.01(0.98–1.04) | 1.00 (Ref) | 2.14(0.88–5.16) | 2.62(1.14–6.07) | 2.73(1.19–6.27) | 0.05 | 1.03(0.99–1.07) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.12(0.77–1.64) | 1.09(0.77–1.54) | 1.09(0.77–1.55) | 0.88 | 1.00(0.96–1.04) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.96(0.81–4.77) | 2.29(0.99–5.36) | 2.15(0.93–5.03) | 0.72 | 0.99(0.95–1.04) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| EPIC Elderly Netherlands | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.96 | 1.73 | 3.14 | 4.80 | 1.17 | 1.86 | 2.81 | 4.33 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.59(0.39–0.88) | 0.84(0.58–1.21) | 0.73(0.49–1.09) | 0.63 | 0.96(0.89–1.04) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.80(0.6–1.06) | 0.87(0.56–1.37) | 0.71(0.09–5.33) | 0.29 | 0.97(0.79–1.19) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.57(0.37–0.88) | 0.89(0.61–1.32) | 0.73(0.48–1.12) | 0.74 | 0.96(0.88–1.04) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.72(0.54–0.98) | 0.73(0.46–1.17) | 0.92(0.12–7.12) | 0.09 | 0.90(0.73–1.12) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| EPIC Elderly Sweden | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.81 | 1.89 | 3.08 | 4.50 | 0.58 | 1.89 | 2.96 | 4.67 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.78(0.49–1.27) | 0.88(0.52–1.49) | 1.21(0.68–2.16) | 0.59 | 1.07(0.96–1.19) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.75(0.41–1.39) | 2.17(1.17–4.00) | 0.53(0.07–3.92) | 0.42 | 1.11(0.93–1.32) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.72(0.43–1.19) | 0.87(0.50–1.52) | 1.16(0.62–2.15) | 0.67 | 1.07(0.95–1.20) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.68(0.35–1.29) | 2.17(1.14–4.13) | 0.46(0.06–3.46) | 0.59 | 1.09(0.91–1.31) |
Abbreviations: g: grams; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence Intervals.
a
Model A: adjusted for sex and age.
b
Model B: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, energy intake, alcohol consumption, education and smoking. P is for trend across categories.