Table 3.
Association between Diabetes, green leafy vegetables and cabbage in CHANCES participants
| Portions/week of leafy green vegetables intake | P | Total intake 1 portion/day | Portions/week of cabbage intake | P | Total intake | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| <1.5 | 1.5–2.4 | 2.5–3.9 | ≥4 | <1.5 | 1.5–2.4 | 2.5–3.9 | ≥4 | |||||
| NIH-AARP | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.65 | 1.98 | 3.10 | 8.06 | 0.32 | 1.63 | 3.90 | 9.79 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.86(0.83–0.89) | 0.81(0.77–0.85) | 0.82(0.79–0.85) | <0.01 | 0.98(0.98–0.98) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.09(1.05–1.15) | 1.24(1.16–1.33) | 1.19(1.06–1.33) | <0.01 | 1.04(1.03–1.05) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.90(0.86–0.94) | 0.89(0.85–0.94) | 0.87(0.84–0.90) | <0.01 | 0.98(0.98–0.99) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.06(1.01–1.12) | 1.09(1.00–1.18) | 1.07(0.94–1.21) | <0.01 | 1.02(1.01–1.03) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| EPIC Elderly (All) | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.32 | 2.04 | 3.14 | 6.18 | 0.37 | 1.99 | 3.07 | 4.96 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.11(0.89–1.38) | 1.28(1.05–1.57) | 1.30(1.09–1.59) | <0.01 | 1.02(0.99–1.03) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.94(0.82–1.09) | 1.16(1.00–1.34) | 0.98(0.80–1.19) | 0.02 | 1.00(0.97–1.04) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.09(0.87–1.37) | 1.25(1.01–1.53) | 1.23(1.01–1.50) | 0.02 | 1.00(0.99–1.02) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.89(0.76–1.04) | 1.09(0.94–1.27) | 0.96(0.77–1.19) | 0.15 | 0.99(0.94–1.03) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| EPIC Elderly Spain | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.55 | 1.93 | 3.14 | 7.66 | 0 | 2.11 | 2.93 | 4.95 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.77(1.01–3.14) | 1.28(0.73–2.24) | 1.02(0.64–1.62) | 0.44 | 0.98(0.95–1.02) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.79(0.38–1.63) | 0.96(0.38–2.39) | 0.79(0.37–1.73) | 0.49 | 0.94(0.83–1.06) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.74(0.97–3.11) | 1.39(0.79–2.47) | 1.04(0.64–1.68) | 0.52 | 0.98(0.95–1.01) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.86(0.41–1.78) | 0.96(0.38–2.40) | 0.80(0.37–1.75) | 0.54 | 0.95(0.84–1.07) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| EPIC Elderly Greece | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.87 | 2.13 | 3.13 | 6.18 | 0.84 | 2.06 | 3.06 | 4.88 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.26(0.92–1.72) | 1.57(1.18–2.11) | 1.61(1.22–2.12) | <0.01 | 1.03(1.01–1.05) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.99(0.83–1.18) | 1.28(1.09–1.51) | 1.14(0.90–1.43) | 0.02 | 1.03(0.99–1.07) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.23(0.89–1.71) | 1.55(1.14–2.11) | 1.52(1.13–2.04) | 0.02 | 1.02(0.99–1.04) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.93(0.77–1.11) | 1.21(1.07–1.44) | 1.09(0.85–1.41) | 0.15 | 1.02(0.98–1.07) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| EPIC Elderly Netherlands | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.97 | 1.99 | 3.14 | 4.95 | 0.92 | 1.92 | 3.08 | 4.97 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.88(0.61–1.29) | 0.99(0.65–1.33) | 1.13(0.77–1.68) | 0.49 | 1.05(0.97–1.14) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.82(0.59–1.12) | 0.74(0.51–1.08) | 0.57(0.33–0.97) | 0.01 | 0.86(0.79–0.96) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.89(0.61–1.31) | 0.87(0.60–1.26) | 1.03(0.69–1.54) | 0.86 | 1.02(0.94–1.10) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.81(0.58–1.11) | 0.79(0.54–1.16) | 0.61(0.35–1.05) | 0.04 | 0.87(0.78–0.97) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| EPIC Elderly Sweden | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Median | 0.03 | 1.77 | 3.52 | 7.04 | 0.17 | 1.88 | 3.75 | 5.25 | ||||
| Model Aa: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.88(0.12–6.56) | 2.86(0.52–9.60) | - | 0.60 | 1.12(0.89–1.42) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.85(0.27–2.75) | 1.50(0.68–3.31) | 0.67(0.09–4.90) | 0.73 | 1.07(0.92–1.23) |
| Model Bb: OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.76(0.09–5.86) | 2.98(0.85–10.4) | - | 0.67 | 1.12(0.87–1.43) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.77(0.23–2.59) | 1.53(0.68–3.48) | 0.76(0.10–5.71) | 0.69 | 1.04(0.90–1.21) |
Abbreviations: g: grams; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence Intervals.
a
Model A: adjusted for sex and age.
b
Model B: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, energy intake, alcohol consumption, education and smoking. P is for trend across categories.