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. 2017 Oct 27;17:176. doi: 10.1186/s12870-017-1136-x

Table 1.

Summary of the degree of ultrastructural preservation and resolution of cellular substructures by ChF, PF and HPF

Cellular Substructure Ultrastructure preservation and resolution
ChF PF HPF
LR white Epon Epon Epon
Cell Wall 2 4 3 5
Plasma membrane 1 3 4 5
Golgi complex 1 3 4 5
Mitochondria 2 4 3 4
Endoplasmic reticulum 3 5 5 5
Ribosomes 4 5 5 5
Vacuole 2 3 5 5
Vacuole integration na na 4 5
Vesicles 1 3 4 5
Lipid droplets na 4 2 2
Starch granules 2 4 4 5
Microtubules na na na 5
Sperm cells 3 4 4 5
Nucleus 3 4 4 5
Callose Plugs 4 5 5 5
Cytoplasmic organization 2 4 4 5
Ice crystals damages na na 3 1

The quality of the ultrastructure is rated on a 5 point bases as follows: 1) ultrastructural features unresolvable, the substructure is barely visible; 2) substructure is visible; 3) substructure and some ultrastructural features distinguishable; 4) efficient preservation and resolution of most details of the substructure; 5) fine preservation and resolution of substructure and clear distinction of ultrastructural details, and assumed to be the closest to the native structure. na = not applicable or substructure is not visible