Table 2.
Association between pulse pressure levels and vascular dementia in age 60–65 and 70–75 cohorts
| Pulse pressure (PP) (mmHg) | N | Death, % | VaD, % | Hazard ratioa (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratiob (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratioc (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 60–65 cohort – untreated with antihypertensive drug | |||||||||
| PP ≤ 50 | 51,721 | 14.17 | 0.55 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 50 < PP ≤ 60 | 49,975 | 14.49 | 0.64 | 1.11 (0.93, 1.33) | 0.24 | 1.72 (0.98, 1.40) | 0.77 | 1.11 (0.93, 1.34) | 0.24 |
| 60 < PP ≤ 70 | 37,159 | 16.02 | 0.68 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.43) | 0.10 | 1.19 (0.98, 1.44) | 0.74 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.43) | 0.1 |
| PP > 70 | 28,099 | 19.97 | 0.74 | 1.15 (0.93, 1.42) | 0.19 | 1.19 (0.97, 1.45) | 0.89 | 1.15 (0.94, 1.42) | 0.18 |
| Age 60–65 cohort – treated with antihypertensive drug | |||||||||
| PP ≤ 50 | 15,556 | 21.43 | 0.71 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 50 < PP ≤ 60 | 26,748 | 17.83 | 0.73 | 1.03 (0.78, 1.35) | 0.86 | 1.03 (0.81, 1.33) | 0.80 | 1.02 (0.77, 1.33) | 0.91 |
| 60 < PP ≤ 70 | 28,574 | 17.66 | 0.79 | 1.15 (0.88, 1.49) | 0.31 | 1.11 (0.87, 1.41) | 0.41 | 1.13 (0.87, 1.47) | 0.36 |
| PP > 70 | 28,065 | 21.48 | 0.78 | 1.03 (0.79, 1.36) | 0.81 | 0.98 (0.76, 1.26) | 0.87 | 1.02 (0.78, 1.34) | 0.88 |
| Age 70–75 cohort – untreated with antihypertensive drug | |||||||||
| PP ≤ 50 | 18,081 | 32.91 | 1.54 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 50 < PP ≤ 60 | 24,951 | 31.28 | 1.64 | 1.06 (0.88, 1.28) | 0.51 | 1.12 (0.93, 1.34) | 0.23 | 1.06 (0.88, 1.27) | 0.57 |
| 60 < PP ≤ 70 | 27,114 | 31.78 | 1.74 | 1.08 (0.90, 1.29) | 0.43 | 1.21 (1.12, 1.44) | 0.031 | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 0.48 |
| PP > 70 | 34,271 | 35.02 | 1.79 | 1.08 (0.91, 1.29) | 0.38 | 1.15 (0.94, 1.37) | 0.10 | 1.08 (0.91, 1.29) | 0.37 |
| Age 70–75 cohort – treated with antihypertensive drug | |||||||||
| PP ≤ 50 | 10,268 | 42.75 | 1.76 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 50 < PP ≤ 60 | 20,576 | 35.92 | 1.82 | 1.27 (1.00, 1.61) | 0.046 | 1.00 (0.82, 1.22) | 0.98 | 1.27 (1.00, 1.60) | 0.05 |
| 60 < PP ≤ 70 | 29,672 | 33.86 | 1.96 | 1.39 (1.11, 1.73) | 0.004 | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 0.50 | 1.38 (1.10, 1.73) | 0.005 |
| PP > 70 | 47,183 | 36.13 | 1.86 | 1.17 (0.94, 1.46) | 0.15 | 0.97 (0.81, 1.16) | 0.73 | 1.18 (0.94, 1.46) | 0.15 |
VaD: Vascular dementia; CI: Confidence interval
aAdjusted for sex (female = 1) and age
bAdjusted for sex (female = 1), age, body mass index, smoking status, history of diabetes, stroke, transient ischemic attack, head injury and Parkinson’ disease while excluding any individuals with missing values
cAdjusted for sex (female = 1), age, body mass index, smoking status, history of diabetes, stroke, transient ischemic attack, head injury and Parkinson’ disease with missing values imputed by multiple imputation method