Table 4.
Association between pulse pressure levels and vascular dementia stratified by blood pressure levels in age 70–75 cohort
| Pulse pressure (PP) (mmHg) | N | Death, % | VaD, % | Hazard ratioa (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratiob (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratioc (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 70–75 cohort – untreated with antihypertensive drug | |||||||||
| Prehypertension | |||||||||
| PP ≤ 50 | 11,244 | 31.56 | 1.51 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 50 < PP ≤ 60 | 9872 | 29.55 | 1.81 | 1.12 (0.86, 1.45) | 0.41 | 1.20 (0.93, 1.54) | 0.16 | 1.09 (0.84, 1.41) | 0.54 |
| 60 < PP ≤ 70 | 2669 | 27.69 | 1.72 | 1.34 (0.93, 1.93) | 0.12 | 1.20 (0.83, 1.73) | 0.34 | 1.30 (0.90, 1.88) | 0.16 |
| 70 < PP | 295 | 32.54 | 1.02 | 0.60 (0.15, 2.44) | 0.48 | 0.61 (0.15, 2.46) | 0.49 | 0.59 (0.15, 2.40) | 0.46 |
| Stage 1 hypertension | |||||||||
| PP ≤ 50 | 3312 | 36.75 | 1.72 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 50 < PP ≤ 60 | 14,051 | 32.02 | 1.54 | 0.91 (0.64, 1.30) | 0.61 | 1.01 (0.71, 1.44) | 0.95 | 0.90 (0.63, 1.28) | 0.55 |
| 60 < PP ≤ 70 | 19,583 | 30.94 | 1.79 | 0.97 (0.69, 1.37) | 0.85 | 1.21 (0.86, 1.70) | 0.28 | 0.95 (0.67, 1.34) | 0.76 |
| 70 < PP | 9248 | 30.43 | 1.83 | 0.99 (0.68, 1.44) | 0.97 | 1.13 (0.78, 1.64) | 0.52 | 0.97 (0.67, 1.41) | 0.88 |
| Stage 2 hypertension | |||||||||
| PP ≤ 50 | 556 | 38.85 | 0.90 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 50 < PP ≤ 60 | 757 | 39.37 | 1.32 | 1.95 (0.52, 7.34) | 0.32 | 1.25 (0.36, 4.28) | 0.72 | 1.94 (0.52, 7.32) | 0.33 |
| 60 < PP ≤ 70 | 4836 | 37.39 | 1.53 | 1.64 (0.51, 5.27) | 0.41 | 1.40 (0.51, 3.86) | 0.52 | 1.67 (0.52, 5.36) | 0.39 |
| 70 < PP | 24,725 | 36.77 | 1.78 | 2.08 (0.67, 6.47) | 0.21 | 1.59 (0.59, 4.27) | 0.36 | 2.10 (0.68, 6.53) | 0.20 |
| Age 70–75 cohort – treated with antihypertensive drug | |||||||||
| Prehypertension | |||||||||
| PP ≤ 50 | 5994 | 40.19 | 1.84 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 50 < PP ≤ 60 | 9948 | 35.27 | 1.78 | 1.27 (0.92, 1.76) | 0.14 | 0.95 (0.73, 1.24) | 0.71 | 1.23 (0.89, 1.70) | 0.21 |
| 60 < PP ≤ 70 | 3728 | 34.74 | 1.88 | 1.38 (0.94, 2.05) | 0.1 | 1.02 (0.73, 1.42) | 0.91 | 1.30 (0.88, 1.93) | 0.18 |
| 70 < PP | 362 | 40.33 | 1.38 | 0.87 (0.27, 2.79) | 0.81 | 0.81 (0.32, 2.01) | 0.64 | 0.80 (0.25, 2.58) | 0.71 |
| Stage 1 hypertension | |||||||||
| PP ≤ 50 | 1511 | 44.08 | 1.99 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 50 < PP ≤ 60 | 9789 | 36.02 | 1.87 | 0.88 (0.56, 1.38) | 0.57 | 0.82 (0.54, 1.23) | 0.33 | 0.87 (0.55, 1.36) | 0.53 |
| 60 < PP ≤ 70 | 22,333 | 32.49 | 2.02 | 0.92 (0.60, 1.42) | 0.71 | 0.84 (0.57, 1.24) | 0.39 | 0.90 (0.59, 1.39) | 0.64 |
| 70 < PP | 14,960 | 31.66 | 1.75 | 0.70 (0.45, 1.09) | 0.12 | 0.71 (0.48, 1.06) | 0.10 | 0.68 (0.44, 1.07) | 0.096 |
| Stage 2 hypertension | |||||||||
| PP ≤ 50 | 291 | 47.08 | 1.72 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 50 < PP ≤ 60 | 480 | 43.96 | 1.67 | 0.76 (0.17, 3.39) | 0.72 | 1.17 (0.30, 4.54) | 0.82 | 0.77 (0.17, 3.42) | 0.73 |
| 60 < PP ≤ 70 | 3588 | 41.44 | 1.67 | 0.90 (0.28, 2.91) | 0.86 | 1.01 (0.31, 3.23) | 0.99 | 0.90 (0.28, 2.92) | 0.86 |
| 70 < PP | 31,861 | 38.18 | 1.92 | 1.04 (0.34, 3.24) | 0.94 | 1.12 (0.36, 3.48) | 0.85 | 1.05 (0.34, 3.25) | 0.94 |
VaD Vascular dementia, CI Confidence interval
aAdjusted for sex (female = 1) and age
bAdjusted for sex (female = 1), age, body mass index, smoking status, history of diabetes, stroke, transient ischemic attack, head injury and Parkinson’ disease while excluding any individuals with missing values
cAdjusted for sex (female = 1), age, body mass index, smoking status, history of diabetes, stroke, transient ischemic attack, head injury and Parkinson’ disease with missing values imputed by multiple imputation method