Table 3.

Summary of data sources and methodology for missing value imputation

Variable	Source	Method for estimating country level data
GDP	International Monetary Fund [30]	n/a
Population	United Nations Population Division [31]	n/a
Exchange rate	WHO Global Health Expenditure Database [3]	Iterative Robust Model Based Imputation [6]
Administrative divisions	Statoids: Administrative Divisions of Countries [4]	Iterative Robust Model Based Imputation [6]
Healthcare facilities	WHO 2013 Country Survey on Medical Devices and Healthcare Facilities [5]	Iterative Robust Model Based Imputation [6]
Travel allowance and per diem	International Civil Service Commission DSA Circular Report for July 2010 [8]	Comparison to cost-of-living index and reduction to 20% of ICSC rate
Vehicles	The United Nations Office for Project Services [9]	n/a
Fuel prices	World Bank [10]	Iterative Robust Model Based Imputation [6]
Cold chain	WHO Performance, Quality and Safety (PQS) Catalogue [13] UNICEF’s Supply Catalogue [14]	n/a
Generators	WHO PQS Catalogue [13]	n/a
Electricity	International Energy Agency’s (IEA) quarterly publication Energy Prices and Taxes [15]	Linear regression
Water	Global Water Intelligence (GWI) Survey for 2011 [16]	Iterative Robust Model Based Imputation [6]
Office supplies	2014 Global Supply Catalogue [19]	n/a
Information and communication technology	International Telecommunications Union [17]	Multiple imputation by chained equations [32, 33], System Generalized Method of Moments [34]
Media		Linear regression