Table 4.
Group means and effect sizes of group differences on neuropsychiatric questionnaires
| Number | Mean (SD) | d | 95% confidence interval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRS-2 T score | 50 (10) | |||
| BD/CD deletion | 9 | 53.4 (13.6) | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 10 | 68.5 (15.7) | 1.01 | (− 0.07, 2.11) |
| Classic deletion | 61 | 63.0 (12.6) | − 0.41 | (− 1.11, 0.27) |
| BD/CD duplication | 6 | 59.5 (16.6) | ||
| Classic duplication | 28 | 64.0 (16.3) | 0.27 | (− 0.67, 1.22) |
| SCQ raw total | Cutoff 15 | |||
| BD/CD deletion | 7 | 5.7 (4.9) | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 8 | 15.0 (9.3) | 1.20 | (− 0.11, 2.52) |
| Classic deletion | 52 | 10.8 (7.3) | − 0.54 | (− 1.32, 0.23) |
| BD/CD duplication | 4 | 7.2 (9.5) | ||
| Classic duplication | 22 | 12.4 (10.3) | 0.50 | (− 0.67, 1.68) |
| Vineland composite | 100(15) | |||
| BD/CD deletion | 5 | 103.8 (19.6) | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 10 | 85.7 (24.0) | − 0.79 | (− 2.11, 0.52) |
| Classic deletion | 57 | 87.1 (15.9) | 0.08 | (− 0.61, 0.78) |
| BD/CD duplication | 6 | 92.6 (18.7) | ||
| Classic duplication | 27 | 89.4 (19.4) | − 0.16 | (− 1.11, 0.78) |
| Vineland communication | 100(15) | |||
| BD/CD deletion | 5 | 106.0 (21.7) | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 10 | 83.0 (18.5) | − 1.17 | (− 2.55, 0.20) |
| Classic deletion | 58 | 89.7 (18.1) | 0.36 | (− 0.32, 1.06) |
| BD/CD duplication | 6 | 92.1 (20.2) | ||
| Classic duplication | 27 | 91.2 (18.5) | − 0.04 | (− 0.99, 0.90) |
| Vineland daily living | 100(15) | |||
| BD/CD deletion | 5 | 96.4 (14.6) | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 10 | 86.9 (26.2) | − 0.40 | (− 1.69, 0.87) |
| Classic deletion | 57 | 88.4 (15.1) | 0.08 | (− 0.60, 0.78) |
| BD/CD duplication | 6 | 91.8 (23.0) | ||
| Classic duplication | 28 | 93.6 (21.2) | 0.08 | (− 0.86, 1.02) |
| Vineland socialization | 100(15) | |||
| BD/CD deletion | 5 | 107.6 (19.6) | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 10 | 91.0 (27.4) | − 0.65 | (− 1.96, 0.65) |
| Classic deletion | 57 | 90.1 (16.5) | − 0.04 | (− 0.74, 0.64) |
| BD/CD duplication | 6 | 98.1 (18.3) | ||
| Classic duplication | 27 | 90.8 (21.2) | − 0.35 | (− 1.30, 0.60) |
| CASI ADHD | ||||
| BD/CD deletion | 2 | 2.5 (1.3) | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 7 | 3.4 (1.4) | 0.63 | (− 1.56, 2.83) |
| Classic deletion | 43 | 2.7 (1.2) | − 0.52 | (− 1.36, 0.32) |
| BD/CD duplication | 4 | 2.7 (2.1) | ||
| Classic duplication | 20 | 2.8 (1.3) | 0.09 | (− 1.09, 1.27) |
| CASI anxiety | ||||
| BD/CD deletion | 2 | 1.3 (0.7) | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 7 | 1.9 (1.1) | 0.49 | (− 1.68, 2.67) |
| Classic deletion | 43 | 2.3 (1.3) | 0.30 | (− 0.53, 1.14) |
| BD/CD duplication | 4 | 1.9 (1.5) | ||
| Classic duplication | 20 | 1.8 (1.6) | − 0.05 | (− 1.24, 1.12) |
| CASI ASD | ||||
| BD/CD deletion | 1 | n/a | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 4 | 1.0 (1.0) | n/a | n/a |
| Classic deletion | 37 | 0.5 (0.4) | − 0.83 | (− 1.94, 0.27) |
| BD/CD duplication | 4 | 0.6 (0.4) | ||
| Classic duplication | 16 | 0.8 (0.8) | 0.26 | (− 0.98, 1.50) |
| CASI Schizoaffective | ||||
| BD/CD deletion | 1 | n/a | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 3 | 0.5(0.5) | n/a | n/a |
| Classic deletion | 6 | 0.5(0.2) | − 0.09 | (− 0.78, 0.61) |
| BD/CD duplication | 0 | n/a | ||
| Classic duplication | 4 | 0.5(0.2) | n/a | n/a |
| CASI behav. regulation | ||||
| BD/CD deletion | 2 | 0.9 (0.4) | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 7 | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.06 | (− 2.08, 2.21) |
| Classic deletion | 43 | 1.0 (0.6) | 0.16 | (− 0.67, 1.00) |
| BD/CD duplication | 4 | 0.3 (0.3) | ||
| Classic duplication | 20 | 1.0 (0.8) | 0.78 | (− 0.42, 2.00) |
| CASI Depression | ||||
| BD/CD deletion | 2 | 0.4 (0) | ||
| AB/AC deletion | 7 | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.33 | (− 1.82, 2.50) |
| Classic deletion | 43 | 0.5 (0.7) | − 0.15 | (− 0.99, 0.67) |
| BD/CD duplication | 4 | 0.2 (0.4) | ||
| Classic duplication | 20 | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.48 | (− 0.70, 1.68) |
Group means on neuropsychiatric questionnaires. We show 95% confidence intervals of effect sizes as Cohen’s d, which can be interpreted as follows: 0.2 as small, 0.5 as medium, and 0.8 as large [54]. Means and standard deviations for each group are presented, as well as the mean and SD for each measure to aid in interpretation. We derived SRS T-scores using the updated SRS-2 norms for all participants, regardless of the version the participant completed. We averaged CASI-4R raw item scores on similar subscales into composites instead of using T-scores because we encountered a strong ceiling effect when using CASI-4R T-scores because CASI-4R norms collapse all high raw scores into a T-score of 70. Thus, population-normed means and standard deviations are not available for comparison for these averaged composites. For example, all items from the dysthymia subscale and major depression subscales were averaged into a “Depression” composite, after accounting for the number of items in each subscale so that both scales were weighted equally in the composite. The composites are interpreted as “3” indicating that on average, the parent endorsed symptoms in the domain as occurring “very often,” 2 as “often,” 1 as “sometimes,” and 0 as “never”
Vineland Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 2nd Edition; CASI Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4R; SCQ Social Communication Questionnaire; SRS-2 Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd Edition; n/a not applicable