Table 1.

Outline of the home based balance exercises given (based on Otago exercise programme balance exercises for fall prevention) [13], including levels of progression from (A) – simplest to (D) – most challenging

Balance Exercise
	Level A	Level B	Level C	Level D
Knee Bends	10 repetitions Hold support	10 repetitions No support	10 repetitions repeat 2 times No support	10 repetitions, repeat 3 times No support
Backwards Walking	----------	10 steps, 4 times Hold support		10 steps, 4 times No support
Walking And Turning Around	----------	Walk and turn around (do a figure  8) twice Use walking aid	Walk and turn around (do a figure 8) twice No support	----------
Sideways Walking	----------	10 steps, 4 times Use walking aid	10 steps, 4 times No support	----------
Tandem Stance (Heel Toe Stand)	10 s Hold support	10 s No support		----------
Tandem Walk (Heel Toe Walk)	----------	----------	Walk 10 steps Hold support, repeat	Walk 10 steps No support, repeat
One Leg Stand	----------	10 s, Hold support	10 s, No hold	30 s, No hold
Heel Walking	----------		10 steps, 4 times Hold support	10 steps, 4 times No support
Toe Walk	----------	----------	10 steps, 4 times Hold support	10 steps, 4 times No support
Heel Toe Walking Backwards	----------	----------	----------	Walk 10 steps No support, repeat
Sit To Stand	5 stands, 2 hands for support	5 stands, 1 hand or 10 stands, 2 hands for support	10 stands, no support or 10 stands, 1 hand for support, repeat	10 stands No support, repeat
Stair Walking	As instructed	As instructed	As instructed	As instructed