Table 4.

Univariable and multivariable analysis for prognostic factors of overall survival

Factors	Univariable		Multivariable
	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P‐value	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P‐value
Age ≥ 65 years	1.33 (0.72–2.45)	0.360
Lung cancera	5.03 (2.61–9.67)	<0.001	6.06 (2.45–15.04)	<0.001
Tumour stageb
I	0.00 (0.00‐NE)	0.255
III	4.65 (1.05–20.62)	0.043
IV	5.31 (1.23–22.9)	0.025
ECOGc
1	3.39 (1.68–6.81)	<0.001	1.48 (0.54–4.08)	0.450
2	8.30 (3.15–21.91)	<0.001	5.87 (1.78–19.41)	0.004
3	13.12 (4.21–40.84)	<0.001	3.37 (0.57–19.91)	0.180
SNAQ score	0.82 (0.74–0.91)	<0.001
Cachexia	1.81 (0.88–3.74)	0.108
Low muscularity	1.96 (1.04–3.68)	0.036	3.63 (1.58–8.30)	0.002
SMD < 30 HU	2.01 (1.06–3.81)	0.032
Activin A ≥ 408 pg/mL	4.24 (1.89–9.53)	<0.001	4.07 (1.44–11.52)	0.008
Myostatin < 1599 pg/mL	2.16 (1.18–3.96)	0.013
LDH ≥ 250 UI/L	1.15 (0.56–2.35)	0.699
CRP (mg/dL)	1.06 (1.02–1.11)	0.008
Albumin < 3.5 g/dL	4.50 (2.15–9.41)	<0.001	2.93 (1.17–7.34)	0.022

^aReference was colorectal cancer.

^bReference was tumour stage II.

^cReference was ECOG 0.

SMD, skeletal muscle density; LDH, lactate deshydrogenase; CRP, C‐reactive protein; SNAQ, Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire.