TABLE 2.
Mild, Moderate, and Severe Physical Harms of HCC Surveillance, Stratified by Surveillance Modality and False Positive Versus Indeterminate Result
| Characteristic | AFP (n = 640) | Ultrasound (n = 523) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| False Positive | Indeterminate | False Positive | Indeterminate | |
| Any harm | 51* | 22 | 63* | 56 |
| Mild harm, n | ||||
| Single four-phase CT | 26 | 18 | 32 | 28 |
| Single MRI | 3 | 2 | 6 | 7 |
| Moderate harm, n | ||||
| Multiple four-phase CT | 4 | 1 | 7 | 10 |
| Multiple MRI | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Four-phase CT and MRI | 16 | 0 | 11 | 10 |
| Severe harm | ||||
| Biopsy of liver mass, n | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatic angiogram, n | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
*
Seven patients with physical harm related to false-positive ultrasound and AFP were included in both groups.