Table 5.
Levels of five tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines found in 29 brands representative of seven types of oral tobacco marketed in the United States.
| Tobacco Product Type |
Brand | NABa (ng/g, wet) |
NAT (ng/g, wet) |
NNK (ng/g, wet) |
NNN (ng/g, wet) |
NNAL (ng/g, wet) |
Total TSNAs (ng/g, wet) Sum |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| Meanb | (SD)c | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |||
| Plug | Days O Work | 30 | (10) | 762 | (79) | 340 | (28) | 2920 | (900) | 41 | (1.1) | 4090 |
| Conwood Sun Cured | 69 | (10) | 1520 | (260) | 844 | (226) | 3130 | (260) | 11 | (11) | 5580 | |
| Levi Garrett | 199 | (29) | 1330 | (100) | 941 | (78) | 5140 | (90) | 140 | (49) | 7750 | |
| Taylor's Pride Plug Chew | 183 | (6.1) | 1400 | (100) | 803 | (83) | 4640 | (350) | 188 | (44) | 7210 | |
| Loose Leaf | Beech-Nut Chew | 23 | (2.3) | 563 | (28) | 300 | (32) | 1640 | (60) | 21 | (0.9) | 2550 |
| Taylor's Pride Chew | 76 | (17) | 796 | (72) | 306 | (22) | 2830 | (240) | 90 | (80) | 4100 | |
| Red Man Chew | 16 | (2.5) | 351 | (27) | 238 | (23) | 942 | (22) | 20d | (23) | 1550 | |
| Twist | Good Money | 55 | (5.0) | 1430 | (280) | 309 | (26) | 828 | (83) | 41 | (8.4) | 2670 |
| Cumberland | 168 | (11) | 1660 | (70) | 556 | (28) | 2460 | (170) | 104 | (5.1) | 4950 | |
| Futurity | 54 | (5.6) | 1310 | (90) | 350 | (28) | 871 | (74) | n.d.e | (−) | 2590 | |
| Dry Snuff | Tube Rose Sweet Scotch | 1840 | (40) | 29100 | (600) | 12600 | (200) | 19000 | (960) | 442 | (67) | 63000 |
| Dental Mild Scotch | 1630 | (70) | 28000 | (800) | 14600 | (1590) | 31300 | (4890) | 1050 | (170) | 76500 | |
| Navy Sweet Scotch | 253 | (4.9) | 4210 | (300) | 3000 | (100) | 8100 | (320) | 544 | (30) | 16100 | |
| RailRoad Mills Sweet Scotch | 300 | (18) | 4590 | (140) | 3820 | (80) | 9080 | (410) | 669 | (72) | 18500 | |
| Carhart's Choice Sweet | 124 | (11) | 2710 | (100) | 1340 | (100) | 6120 | (200) | 47 | (14) | 10300 | |
| Dry Snuff (Pouch) | Taboka | 11 | (3.3) | 474 | (29) | 84 | (3.6) | 933 | (28) | 20 | (13) | 1520 |
| Skoal Dry Cinnamon | 42 | (2.8) | 727 | (20) | 80 | (4.8) | 929 | (96) | n.d. | (−) | 1780 | |
| Skoal Dry Menthol | 46 | (2.7) | 708 | (8.3) | 121 | (12) | 973 | (48) | n.d. | (−) | 1850 | |
| Skoal Dry Regular | 39 | (2.4) | 659 | (30) | 113 | (8.9) | 945 | (62) | 3.1 | (1.4) | 1760 | |
| Snus | Camel Snus Frost | 28 | (1.3) | 265 | (37) | 146 | (13) | 425 | (53) | 20 | (3.0) | 884 |
| Camel Snus Spice | 28 | (8.5) | 259 | (35) | 84 | (22) | 369 | (59) | 21 | (12) | 761 | |
| Camel Snus Original | 26 | (10) | 251 | (32) | 140 | (58) | 389 | (111) | 20 | (14) | 826 | |
| Dissolvable | Stonewall Wintergreen | 10 | (0.2) | 218 | (9.3) | 49 | (5.4) | 94 | (5.8) | n.d. | (−) | 371 |
| Stonewall Java | 11 | (1.3) | 251 | (8.0) | 63 | (3.5) | 103 | (17) | n.d. | (−) | 428 | |
| Stonewall Natural | 11 | (1.5) | 247 | (4.0) | 73 | (6.4) | 117 | (8.5) | n.d. | (−) | 448 | |
| Ariva Java | 7.0 | (1.4) | 178 | (11) | 54 | (5.2) | 74 | (6.8) | n.d. | (−) | 313 | |
| Ariva Wintergreen | 8.0 | (0.8) | 176 | (3.8) | 52 | (1.4) | 77 | (14) | n.d. | (−) | 313 | |
| Camel Orbs Mellow | 15 | (0.4) | 176 | (15) | 147 | (7.1) | 189 | (3.7) | 5.6 | (1.4) | 533 | |
| Camel Orbs Fresh | 17 | (0.4) | 194 | (26) | 202 | (4.4) | 193 | (8.7) | 5.8 | (1.8) | 612 | |
a
N ‘-nitrosoanabasine (NAB); N ‘-nitrosoanatabine (NAT); 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK); N ‘-nitrosonornicotine (NNN); 4-(methylnitrsoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL).
b
n = 3 (Mean).
c
standard deviation (SD).
d
n = 2 (one sample was non-detected).
e
n.d. = non-detected.