Table 1.
The general characteristics of controls and type 2 diabetics.
| Variable | Group K | Group I | Group II | Group III | Group IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | |||||
| No | 11 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 10 |
| Age | 49.00 [46.00–57.00] | 56.00 [53.00–64.00] | 56.00 [52.00–62.00] | 58.00 [55.00–61.00] | 55.00 [62.00–63.00] |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.90 [21.84–24.20] | 23.20 [21.93–24.39] | 27.73 [25.62–29.22] | 34.38***,C(K) [30.90–37.00] | 48.58***,C(K) [47.27–49.04] |
| WHR | 0.83±0.07 | 0.82±0.07 | 0.88±0.08 | 0.98±0.08***,C, X(H) | 0.91±0.05 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.00 [116.00–140.00] | 135.50 [116.50–152.50] | 150.50 [138.00–154.50] | 151.00 [135.00–161.50] | 155.00 [136.00–158.00] |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.45±7.95 | 77.08±10.03 | 77.63±13.02 | 78.42±15.07 | 85.60±8.91 |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.58±0.43 | 8.62±1.90***(H) | 8.87±1.68***(H) | 9.28±1.46***(H) | 6.07±0.91X,#(H) |
| TC (mg/dl) | 183.82±36.52 | 186.31±36.46 | 185.22±45.47 | 178.50±52.43 | 158.20±13.37 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 101.00 [57.00–116.00] | 76.00 [59.00–115.00] | 84.00 [58.00–156.00] | 144.00 [127.00–181.00] | 103.50 [94.00–122.50] |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 68.27±12.25 | 69.15±12.82 | 70.22±22.83 | 52.60±15.43 | 54.80±9.73 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 90.40±33.47 | 100.20±29.37 | 91.80±36.26 | 94.24±31.59 | 86.28±16.98 |
| Men | |||||
| No | 9 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 8 |
| Age | 36.00 [29.00–50.50] | 40.00 [32.00–52.00] | 43.00 [38.00–49.00] | 42.00 [39.00–64.00] | 41.00 [32.00–54.00] |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.89±2.02 | 21.46±2.48 | 26.89±1.42 | 34.47±3.15***,C(K) | 50.47±7.52***,C,Y(K) |
| WHR | 0.89 [0.87–0.92] | 0.92 [0.87–0.94] | 0.92 [0.90–0.99] | 1.04**(K) [1.02–1.06] | 1.10***,B,X(K) [1.04–1.19] |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122.88±18.62 | 133.67±40.99 | 137.67±17.04 | 147.29±28.66 | 148.17±30.71 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.00 [68.50–88.00] | 72.00 [54.00–100.00] | 80.50 [78.50–91.50] | 80.00 [79.00–90.00] | 90.50 [72.00–105.00] |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.38±0.50 | 8.90±2.22***(H) | 7.52±1.29***(H) | 7.92±1.73***(H) | 5.50±1.11B(H) |
| TC (mg/dl) | 199.00 [129.50–204.00] | 215.00 [149.00–228.00] | 163.00 [151.00–208.00] | 169.00 [155.00–189.00] | 185.50 [183.00–252.00] |
| TG (mg/dl) | 101.50 [87.50–104.00] | 102.00 [85.00–105.00] | 125.00 [82.00–139.00] | 204.00 [111.00–222.00] | 171.00 [103.00–229.00] |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 54.00 [35.00–63.50] | 57.00 [27.00–62.00] | 61.00 [50.00–67.00] | 40.50 [37.00–45.00] | 42.50 [40.00–47.00] |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 99.25±35.15 | 117.16±49.51 | 95.05±41.31 | 101.27±28.94 | 119.90±17.82 |
BMI – body mass index; WHR – waist-hip ratio; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; TC – total cholesterol; TG – triglycerides; HDL – high-density lipoprotein; LDL – low-density lipoprotein. K – control group, group I – type 2 diabetic patients with normal body weight, group II – type 2 diabetic patients with overweight, group III – type 2 diabetic patients with obesity and group IV – type 2 diabetic patients with severe obesity.
p<0.01 vs. group K;
p<0.001 vs. group K;
p<0.01 vs. group I;
p<0.001 vs. group I;
p<0.05 vs. group II;
p<0.01 vs. group II;
p<0.05 vs. group III;
– Tukey’s post-hoc test;
– Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance.
Normally distributed variables were expressed as mean ±SD, non-normally distributed ones as median and quartiles.