Figure 2. Potential of statins as repurposed novel adjuvant antibiotics for infections in the statin-bacteria-human-environment continuum.

(+) refers to factors leading to potentially positive outcomes, whereby statins co-administered with antibiotics may impede AMR (AMR breakers). (−) refers to factors leading to potentially negative outcomes, whereby statin use may favor selective pressures or co-selection for resistance and culminate in AMR (AMR makers). (?) refers to further research required to bridge knowledge gap. AMR, antimicrobial resistance; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; NET, neutrophil extracellular trap.