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. 2017 Oct 24;5:e3924. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3924

Table 5. Frequency and inter-pulsepeak interval (IPPI) characteristics of soniferous fish in the Pearl River Estuary.

Family Species Latin name Condition Peak frequency IPPI First IPPI Last IPPI No. signal Comments Reference
Sciaenidae Belanger’s croaker Johnius belangerii Voluntary 500–1,000 Hza 40 ms 20 mse Pilleri, Kraus & Gihr (1982)
750–1,250 Hz Long burst Pilleri, Kraus & Gihr (1982)
Disturbance 584 ± 181 Hz 12.9 ms 14.4 ms 16.9 ms 200 Mok, Lin & Tsai (2011)
Big-snout croaker J. macrorhynus Voluntary 1,146 ± 131 Hz 40.1 ms 9.7 mse 40 Purr signalsc Lin, Mok & Huang (2007)
Voluntary 1050 ± 84 Hz 35.3 ms 10.4 mse 40 Purr signald Lin, Mok & Huang (2007)
Voluntary 1,133 ± 119 Hz 36.7 ms 15 Dual-knocksc Lin, Mok & Huang (2007)
Voluntary 1,135 ± 85 Hz 39.4 ms 15 Dual-knocksd Lin, Mok & Huang (2007)
Disturbance 808 ± 142 Hz 22.2 ms 9.5 mse 40 Purr signals Lin, Mok & Huang (2007)
Disturbance 807 ± 143 Hz 10.1 22.2 ms 10.5 ms 85 Mok, Lin & Tsai (2011)
Disturbance 425.9 ± 93.7 Hz 19.2 ± 7.3 ms 352 Male + female Huang (2016)
Disturbance 450.9 ± 106.1 Hz 20.5 ± 8.2 ms 210 Male Huang (2016)
Disturbance 386.5 ± 57.1 Hz 8.0 ± 1.4 ms 142 Female Huang (2016)
J. sp. Disturbance 454.0 ± 33.7 Hz 12.8 ± 6.4 ms 28 Male + female Huang (2016)
Disturbance 454.0 ± 33.7 Hz 10.6 ± 1.8 ms 25 Male Huang (2016)
Disturbance 2249.9 ± 584.6 Hz 22.6 ± 10.5 ms 5 Female Huang (2016)
Sciaenidae J. distincus Disturbance 839 ± 144 Hz 9.97 ± 0.72 ms 12.36 ± 0.53 ms Male Tsai (2009)
Disturbance 581 ± 66 Hz 10.12 ± 0.82 ms 12.53 ± 0.79 ms 210 Female Tsai (2009)
Disturbance 10.8 ms 11.1 ms 12.3 ms 242 Mok, Lin & Tsai (2011)
Disturbance 392.4 ± 100.0 Hz 13.4 ± 4.8 ms 524 Male + female Huang (2016)
Disturbance 398.1 ± 94.0 Hz 14.3 ± 2.3 ms 273 Male Huang (2016)
Disturbance 352.1 ± 84.2 Hz 11.6 ± 2.7 ms 183 Female Huang (2016)
J.amblycephalus Disturbance 367.1 ± 100.8 Hz 14.5 ± 3.6 ms 58 Huang (2016)
Sin croaker J. dussumieri Disturbance 517 Hz 11.4 ms 14.9 ms Tsai (2009)
White croaker Pennahia argentata Voluntary 457 Hz Male Ramcharitar, Gannon & Popper (2006)
Voluntary 267 Hz Female Ramcharitar, Gannon & Popper (2006)
Disturbance 543 ± 98 Hz 22.9 ms 24.0 ms 37.9 ms 104 Mok, Lin & Tsai (2011)
Disturbance 348.6 ± 18.1 Hz 9.4 ± 0.3 ms 23 Female Huang (2016)
Greyfin croaker P. anea Disturbance 736 ± 115 Hz 10.6 ms 9.1 ms 12.1 ms 90 Mok, Lin & Tsai (2011)
Disturbance 551.9 ± 27.7 Hz 10.9 ± 1.6 ms 15 Female Huang (2016)
Bighead white croaker P. macrocephalus Disturbance 576 ± 93 Hz 34.6 m 25.2 ms 38.1 ms 92 Mok, Lin & Tsai (2011)
Disturbance 425.9 ± 93.7 Hz 19.2 ± 7.3 ms 352 Male + female Huang (2016)
Disturbance 450.9 ± 106.1 Hz 20.5 ± 8.2 ms 210 Male Huang (2016)
Disturbance 386.5 ± 57.1 Hz 8.0 ± 1.4 ms 142 Female Huang (2016)
Pawak croaker P. pawak Disturbance 736 ± 101 Hz 9.1 ms 8.5 ms 9.7 ms 169 Mok, Lin & Tsai (2011)
Disturbance 388.1 ± 41.6 Hz 11.2 ± 2.1 ms 15 Female Huang (2016)
Large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea Voluntary 550–750 Hza 182 Single pulse Liu, Xu & Qin (2010)
Voluntary 800–850 Hza 90–150 msa 2–3 pulse signal Ren et al. (2007)
Disturbance 800–850 Hza >30 msa 2–5 pulse signal Liu, Xu & Qin (2010)
Disturbance 264.7 ± 22.3 Hz 11.5 ± 3.1 ms 29 Female Huang (2016)
Southern meagre Argyrosomus japonicas Voluntary 686 ± 203 Hz 24 ± 3 ms 210 Male Ueng, Huang & Mok (2007)
Voluntary 587 ± 190 Hz 23 ± 3 ms 164 Female Ueng, Huang & Mok (2007)
Yellow Drum Nibea albiflora Voluntary 650 ± 20 Hz Ren et al. (2007)
Disturbance 293.1 ± 56.4 Hz 12.2 ± 2.2 ms 23 Huang (2016)
Reeve’s croaker N. acuta Voluntary 630 ± 15 Hz Ren et al. (2007)
Disturbance <500 Hza Tsai (2009)
Tiger-toothed croaker Otolithes ruber Disturbance 354–1,717 Hza 8.3–12.2 msa 17 Mok, Lin & Tsai (2011)
Blackmouth croaker Atrobucca nibe Disturbance 47.0–57.8 msa 1 Mok, Lin & Tsai (2011)
Trichiuridae Cutlassfish Trichiurus haumela Voluntary 628 ± 11 Hz Ren et al. (2007)
Pristigasteridae Elongate ilisha Ilisha elongata Voluntary 251 ± 18 Hz Ren et al. (2007)
Ariidae Sea catfish Arius sp. Voluntary 735 ± 12 Hz Ren et al. (2007)
A. maculates Disturbance 0.47–4.33 msa,b 5–11 pulse signal Mok, Lin & Tsai (2011)
Glaucosomatidae Pearl perch Glaucosoma buergeri Disturbance 30 ms 2–9 pulse signal Mok et al. (2011)
Priacanthidae Bigeye snapper Priacanthus macracanthus Disturbance 172 Hz 15.9 ms Tsai (2009)
Terapontidae Trumpeter perch Pelates quadrilineatus Disturbance 690 ± 171 Hz 4 ms Tsai (2009)
Haemulidae Javelin grunter Pomadasys kaakan Disturbance 94.1 ms Tsai (2009)

Notes.

Except when mentioned, the results are given as the mean or mean ± standard deviation (sd).

a

denotes results given in a range.

b

denotes results given for the inter-pulse interval.

c

denotes results recorded in the field.

d

denotes results recorded in a large aquarium.

e

denotes results that are the mean of all the IPPIs except the first IPPI.