Table 3. Language processes isolated by subtraction of different baseline tasks from sentence generation.

The table shows comparison of passive and active baseline tasks as used for subtraction with sentence generation, in terms of the language and domain-general processes engaged by each paradigm and isolated by the subtraction contrast.

Contrast	Speech motor planning/ articulation	Phonological access	Orthographical processing	Semantics	Word retrieval	Syntax	Working memory	Motor processing	Auditory processing
Task: sentence generation	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔
Baseline: rest				(✔)
Sentence generation vs rest	✔	✔		(✔)	✔	✔	✔
Task: sentence generation	✔	✔		✔	✔	✔	✔
Baseline: recite months	✔	✔		(✔)	(✔)
Sentence generation vs recite months				(✔)	(✔)	✔	✔

Notes.

✔

engaged

(✔)

sometimes engaged (e.g., depending on task demands, modality of stimuli, occurrence of automatic linguistic processing)