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a) Partially-connected state transition model of N + 1 states. The current state (CS(b) = Si) may transit to a neighbor state (Si-1 or Si+1) or stay at the same state (Si). All states are connected to state S0, which turns off VNS. b) Fully-connected state-transition model of N + 1 states. The current state (CS(b) = Si) may transit to any state (Si-k or Si+k) or stay at the same state (Si). All states are connected with all the states including the state S0, which turns off VNS.
