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Proinflammatory cytokines (mRNA expression of IL1B, TNF, and CCL2) and macrophage marker (CD68) expression in C, T, TF, and TR groups (mean ± standard error of the mean). Differing letters above the histogram indicate significant changes by ANOVA. Numerical superscripts are Cohen d values comparing (1) C vs T (within the circle) and (2) TF and TR vs T (within the square box). #Indicates a significant difference between C and T groups as determined by Student t test.
