TABLE I.
Previous Partner Preference Tests in Socially Monogamous Rodents and Primates
| Species | Test Length | Apparatus | Stimulus Animal Access and Presentation Type1 | Preference Measure (Partner vs. stranger)2 | Length of Partner Relationship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Rodents | |||||
| Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) a | Exp. 1: 8 hr. Exp. 2: 3 hr. |
3 chambers | Full physical; simultaneous | Contact | Exp. 1: >24 hr. cohabitation; Exp. 2: 6 hr. cohabitation |
|
| |||||
| Primates | |||||
|
| |||||
| Titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) [present study] | 2.5 hr.; choice sessions | 3 chambers | Grated; simultaneous | Proximity, touching grated window, choice sessions | > 6 mo. |
| Titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus)b | Repeated 15 min. trials | 3 chambers | Full physical; both separate and simultaneous | Proximity, social and sexual behavior | > 7 mo. |
| Titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus)c | Repeated 30 min. trials | 1 chamber | Full physical; separate | Proximity, social and sexual behavior | > 17 mo. |
| Titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus)d | Repeated 15 min. trials | 2 chambers | Grated; tested in pairs | Proximity, social and sexual behavior | > 2 yr. |
| Titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus)e, 3, 4 | Repeated 5 min. trials | 3 chambers | Grated; both separate and simultaneous | Proximity | > 2 wk. |
| Titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus)f, 3, 4 | 90 min. trials | 1 chamber | Full physical; separate | Proximity, social behavior, heart rate | > 8 wk. |
| Titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus)g, 3, 4 | Repeated 15 min. trials | 2 chambers | Visual only; tested with pair mate in cage | Proximity, social behavior, heart rate | > 8 mo. |
| Titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus)h, 3, 4 | Repeated 5 min. trials | V shaped | Grated; both separate and simultaneous | Proximity, agonistic behavior | > 1 yr. |
| Black-Tufted Marmosets (Callithrix penicillata)i | 20 min. | T shaped | Grated; simultaneous | Proximity, social and sexual behavior | 24 hr. or 3 wk. |
| Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)j | 20 min. | T shaped | Grated; simultaneous | Proximity, social and sexual behavior | > 8 wk. |
| White-Lipped Tamarins (Saguinus labiatus)k | Repeated 30 min. trials | 3 chambers | Grated; both separate and simultaneous | Proximity, social and sexual behavior | > 6 mo. |
| Brown-Mantled Tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis)l | Repeated 30 min. trials | 3 chambers | Grated; simultaneous | Proximity, sexual behavior | > 4 mo. |
| Golden Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia)m | Repeated 30 min. trials | T shaped | Grated; both separate and simultaneous | Proximity, social and sexual behavior | > 6 mo. |
Note:
1
In cases where trials involved multiple types of access to stimulus animals (i.e. removable barriers were in place for some conditions and removed for others) the most liberal access is listed for the table.
2
Preference measure has been classified into broad categories to make comparison between methodologies simpler. For more detailed information about exact behaviors measured see complete citation in the references.
3
Study also conducted on squirrel monkeys (Saimiri).
4
At the time of testing and publication species was identified as Callicebus moloch but has since been updated to be Callicebus cupreus.