Human FM explants were treated with (A) No treatment (NT), LPS (100ng/ml), MHV-68 (1.5×104/ml PFU) or both MHV-68 and LPS (n=7); (B) NT, LPS (100ng/ml), HSV-2 (6.4×102/ml PFU) or both HSV-2 and LPS (n=3); or (C) NT, LPS (1ng/ml), Poly(I:C) (20µg/ml) or both Poly(I:C) and LPS (n=6). (A–C) Supernatants were measured for IL-1β by ELISA. (D) Pregnant wildtype mice were injected on E8.5 with either PBS or MHV-68 (1×106 PFU), and on E15.5 with either PBS or LPS (20µg/kg). After 6hrs mice were sacrificed. The FMs were harvested and homogenized for RNA and IL-1B mRNA levels measured by qRT-PCR. *p<0.05 relative to the NT or PBS control unless otherwise indicated. Data are expressed as mean±SEM.