Table 3.
Association of nocturnal sleep duration and diabetes incidence by selected lifestyles.*
| Nocturnal sleep duration | <7 hours | 7–7.9 hours | ≥8 hours | plinear | pinteraction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=6553 | n=4940 | n=7158 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||
| cases | HR (95% CI) | cases | HR | cases | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Total | 264 | 1.01 (0.84, 1.22) | 192 | 1.00 | 310 | 1.20 (1.00, 1.44) | 0.04 | |
|
| ||||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| 40- | 103 | 0.95 (0.70, 1.29) | 77 | 1.00 | 134 | 1.25 (0.93, 1.66) | 0.04 | 0.43 |
|
| ||||||||
| 50- | 84 | 0.96 (0.69, 1.34) | 64 | 1.00 | 103 | 1.19 (0.87, 1.64) | 0.15 | |
|
| ||||||||
| 60- | 77 | 1.08 (0.76, 1.56) | 51 | 1.00 | 73 | 1.25 (0.87, 1.80) | 0.43 | |
|
| ||||||||
| Currently drink tea | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Yes | 180 | 1.08 (0.86, 1.36) | 127 | 1.00 | 206 | 1.16 (0.92, 1.45) | 0.48 | 0.05 |
|
| ||||||||
| No | 84 | 0.89 (0.64, 1.24) | 65 | 1.00 | 104 | 1.32 (0.96, 1.81) | 0.01 | |
|
| ||||||||
| Regular exercise participation | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Yes | 83 | 0.95 (0.67, 1.34) | 59 | 1.00 | 87 | 1.08 (0.77, 1.52) | 0.41 | 0.45 |
|
| ||||||||
| No | 181 | 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) | 133 | 1.00 | 223 | 1.28 (1.03, 1.59) | 0.04 | |
|
| ||||||||
| Current smokers | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Yes | 152 | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 125 | 1.00 | 196 | 1.18 (0.94, 1.49) | 0.02 | 0.27 |
|
| ||||||||
| No | 112 | 1.12 (0.82, 1.52) | 67 | 1.00 | 114 | 1.24 (0.91, 1.68) | 0.49 | |
|
| ||||||||
| Ever alcohol drank | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Yes | 92 | 0.83 (0.59, 1.16) | 58 | 1.00 | 110 | 1.14 (0.82, 1.57) | 0.03 | 0.32 |
|
| ||||||||
| No | 172 | 1.08 (0.86, 1.36) | 134 | 1.00 | 200 | 1.21 (0.97, 1.50) | 0.29 | |
|
| ||||||||
| BMI | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| <25 (kg/m2) | 117 | 1.20 (0.90, 1.62) | 76 | 1.00 | 141 | 1.44 (1.08, 1.91) | 0.15 | 0.98 |
|
| ||||||||
| ≥25 (kg/m2) | 147 | 0.91 (0.71, 1.16) | 116 | 1.00 | 169 | 1.13 (0.89, 1.43) | 0.06 | |
|
| ||||||||
| Comorbidity ≥1 | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Yes | 74 | 1.04 (0.71, 1.52) | 48 | 1.00 | 83 | 1.36 (0.95, 1.96) | 0.10 | 0.92 |
|
| ||||||||
| No | 190 | 0.98 (0.79, 1.22) | 144 | 1.00 | 227 | 1.17 (0.94, 1.44) | 0.08 | |
|
| ||||||||
| Hypertension | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Yes | 106 | 1.00 (0.74, 1.35) | 80 | 1.00 | 115 | 1.16 (0.87, 1.55) | 0.29 | 0.61 |
|
| ||||||||
| No | 158 | 0.99 (0.77, 1.26) | 112 | 1.00 | 195 | 1.21 (0.96, 1.53) | 0.06 | |
|
| ||||||||
| Shift work | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Yes | 109 | 1.00 (0.73, 1.38) | 63 | 1.00 | 115 | 1.26 (0.92, 1.74) | 0.09 | 0.83 |
|
| ||||||||
| No | 155 | 0.99 (0.78, 1.25) | 129 | 1.00 | 195 | 1.16 (0.93, 1.45) | 0.14 | |
|
| ||||||||
| Snoring | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Yes | 224 | 1.00 (0.82, 1.22) | 172 | 1.00 | 269 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.43) | 0.07 | 0.92 |
|
| ||||||||
| No | 40 | 1.17 (0.65, 2.10) | 20 | 1.00 | 41 | 1.52 (0.87, 2.64) | 0.25 | |
*
Adjusted for age, BMI, energy intake, smoking (pack-years), drinking (drinks per day), current tea drinking, exercise (met-hours/year), hypertension, family history of diabetes, shiftwork, snoring, and comorbidity (stratifying variable was not adjusted in the model). Excludes those cases that were diagnosed within 2 years of recruitment.