(a) Venn diagram illustrating the production and consumption of differentially expressed metabolites (|FC| > 1, p < 0.05) upon stimulation with SEB/CD28. Numerals denote the number of differentially expressed metabolites and arrows denote the directionality of change following stimulation.
(b) Volcano plot analyses of HCA-positive and –negative CD4+ T lymphocyte exo-metabolome in the naïve and activated states. Comparisons of all metabolites from samples exposed to in utero HCA (n = 10) and not exposed to HCA (n = 10). Volcano plots display the relationship between the log2 [FC] and its statistical significance using a scatter plot view. The y-axis represents the negative log10 of p-values (a higher value indicates greater statistical significance) and the x-axis signifies the log2 [FC] (normalized abundance were used to compute these values). Black points indicate metabolites expressed at insignificantly different levels in both sample types (p > 0.05). Blue points indicate metabolites expressed at significantly different levels in one sample type over the other (p < 0.05). Putatively identified metabolites are shown in red and labeled.