Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Menopause. 2017 Nov;24(11):1269–1276. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000919

Table 4.

Adjusted mean echocardiographic measures of left ventricular structure and function among women who reached natural menopause or underwent hysterectomy with or without bilateral oophorectomy, the CARDIA study, 2010–2011

Unadjusted
Adjusted
Parameters NM HOC HBSO Pb Pc Pd NM HOC HBSO Pb Pc Pd
LV Structure
 LV Mass, g 146.9 157.4 160.1 0.001 0.006 0.65 153.2 150.3 155.4 0.54 0.91 0.62
 LV Mass Index, g/m2 79.2 81.6 83.0 0.06 0.09 0.61 82.1 80.0 81.9 0.31 0.93 0.32
 LV Mass/Volume Ratio 1.54 1.65 1.67 0.28 0.018 0.82 1.67 1.64 1.76 0.60 0.79 0.54
LV Systolic Function
 Cardiac Output, L/min 3.99 4.25 4.17 0.044 0.13 0.55 3.95 4.05 3.99 0.74 0.99 0.62
 Longitudinal Straina −15.4 −14.9 −14.3 0.001 0.001 0.10 −15.1 −15.3 −14.5 0.72 0.14 0.06
 Circumferential Straina −15.7 −15.3 −15.1 0.036 0.041 0.47 −15.5 −15.4 −15.0 0.57 0.53 0.62
 LV Ejection Fraction,% 64.5 63.5 63.8 0.77 0.87 0.70 62.5 61.6 62.6 0.73 0.99 0.73
LV Diastolic Function
 E/A Ratio 1.24 1.23 1.20 0.41 0.26 0.54 1.22 1.20 1.21 0.78 0.99 0.76
 E/E′ Ratioa 8.18 8.47 8.79 0.025 0.023 0.30 8.34 8.35 8.72 0.64 0.42 0.44

NM: Natural menopause, HOC: hysterectomy with ovarian conservation, HBSO: Hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, LV: Left ventricular. E/A: mitral ratio of peak early (E) to late (A) diastolic filling velocity

Model adjusted for each respective year 5 echocardiographic parameter and covariates [age (continuous), race (black, white), education (less than high school, high school or more), center (Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis, Oakland), BMI (continuous), waist girth (continuous), physical activity (continuous), parity (none, one, two, three or more), current smoking status (yes, no), current oral contraceptives (yes, no), current alcohol use (yes, no), family history of CHD (yes, no), systolic blood pressure (continuous), diabetes (yes, no), age at menarche (continuous), HDL (continuous) and total cholesterol (continuous)].

a

Echo parameters measured only at year 25

b

P value comparing women with natural menopause to surgical menopause (HOC + HBSO)

c

P value comparing women with HBSO to women with natural menopause

d

P value comparing women with HOC to women with HBSO

P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey-Kramer method