Table 2.
Comprehensive overview of carbon-based anode materials in SIBs
| Electrode | Reversible capacity (mAh g−1) | Discharge rate (mA g−1 or C) | Cyclic stability (cycles) | Loading density | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HsGDY | 650 | 100 | 100 | 0.1–0.11 mg cm−2 (1.43 g cm−3) | This work |
| HsGDY | 460 | 500 | 500 | 0.1–0.11 mg cm−2 (1.43 g cm−3) | This work |
| HsGDY | 360 | 1000 | 1000 | 0.1–0.11 mg cm−2 (1.43 g cm−3) | This work |
| HC | 326 | C/10 | 100 | — | ref. 39 |
| HCNW | 251 | 50 | 400 | — | ref. 38 |
| NG | 100 | 500 | 2500 | 4.3 mg cm−2 (0.96 g cm−3) | ref. 37 |
| N-GF | 594 | 500 | 150 | 1 mg cm−2 (0.22 g cm−3) | ref. 41 |
| PCG | 400 | 50 | 100 | — | ref. 30 |
| PCNF | 240 | 100 | 100 | — | ref. 53 |
| N-CNF | 377 | 100 | 100 | 0.64 mg cm−2 (0.14 g cm−3) | ref. 54 |
| NaTP | 295 | C/10 | 100 | — | ref. 55 |
| SSDC | 112 | 1000 | 400 | 1 mg cm−2 | ref. 29 |
HC hard carbon, HCNW hollow carbon nanowires, NaTP sodium terephthalate, N-CNF N-doped carbon nanofiber, NG natural graphite, N-GF N-doped graphene foams, PCG porous carbon/graphene, PCNF porous carbon nanofiber, SSDC sodium 4,4’-stilbene-dicarboxylate