Table 1.
Numerous publications have reported that the microbubble-mediated ultrasound cavitation enhances nanoparticle delivery in cultured cells and experimental animal models.
| Ultrasound parameter | Micro-bubble | Nanoparticle | Size (nm) | Cell | Animal model | Bioeffects | PMID | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trausducer/System | Acoustic pressure | Pulse fre-quency (MHz) | Pulse repetition frequency | Expo-sure time (s) | |||||||
| _ | 1.82 Mpa | 1 | 100 MHz | 60 | Avidin-AuMBs | 2.8 | Colon cancer cells | BALB/c mice | Ultrasound-induced MB disruption assists the cellular delivery of AuNRs | 25023090 | |
| A392S | 1.2 Mpa | 1 | 1 Hz | 120 | SonoVue | Lipid coated quantum dots | 30, 80, 130, 180 | CT-26 cells | BALB/c mice | Ultrasound-induced MB significantly enhance the delivery of LQD nanoparticles into tumor tissues | 20621645 |
| Spherically | 1.9 Mpa | 2.25 | 0.25 Hz | 120 | Lipid-biotinylated | Lipidsomes | 100, 200 | PC-3 cell monolayer | _ | Alternate methods of microbubble–liposome conjugation, the therapeutic response and the in vivo performance of the liposome-bearing microbubbles are now under evaluation | 17300849 |
| HDI 3000cv | _ | 2.3 | _ | _ | Optison | Polymer microspheres | 205, 503 | – | Sprague-dawley rats | Delivery of Colloidal Particles and Red Blood Cells to Tissue through micro-vessel Ruptures | 9751673 |
| Cylindrically focused single element | 0.75 Mpa | 1 | _ | _ | Optison | Polymer microspheres | 100 | – | Sprague-dawley rats | The ultrasound PI and microvascular pressure significantly influence the creation of extravasation points and the transport of microspheres to tissue | 11849875 |
| Sonos 5500 | 1.8 Mpa | 1.3 | _ | _ | PSEDA | Fliorescent nanospheres | 30, 100 | – | Wistar rats | UTMD allows colloid nanoparticles to be delivered to the rat myocardium through micro-vessel rupture sites | 16166101 |
| Panametrics V305 | 1.1 Mpa | 3 | _ | 1.3 | Lipid-biotinylated | Nanobead (neutravidin coated latrx beads) | 40, 200 | – | Cellulose tube | Enable targeted deposition of nanoparticles in shear flow and could be modified to carry therapeutic agents for controlled release in targeted delivery applications | 16380187 |
| Sonitron 2000 | 2 W/cm2 | 1 | _ | 10 | Lipid-biotinylated | Lipidsomes-siplex | 120 | HUH7 and HUH7eGFPLuc cells | – | Ultrasound assisted siRNA delivery using PEG-siPlex loaded microbubbles | 18237813 |
| _ | _ | 1 | _ | 150 | Albumin | Polystyrene or PLGA | 100 | _ | C57BL/6J mouse hind limb | Targeted Delivery of Nanoparticles Bearing Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 by Ultrasonic Microbubble Destruction for Therapeutic arteriogenesis | 18720443 |
| Sonitron 2000 | 2 W/cm2 | 1 | – | 10 | Lipid-biotinylated | Cationic liposomes, lipolexes, siPLEXES | 125-325 | BLM, HuH-7, HUH7eGFPLuc, A549, Vero cells | _ | New strategies for nucleic acid delivery to conquer cellular and nuclear membranes | 18655814 |
| Sonitron 2000 | 2 W/cm2 | 1 | _ | 15 | Lipid-biotinylated | Lipidsomes, doxorubicin | 147 | BLM cells | – | DOX- liposome- loaded microbubbles could be a very interesting tool to obtain an efficient ultrasound-controlled DOX delivery in vivo | 19623162 |
| Unfocused 0.75 in diameter | 075 Mpa | 1 | – | 5 | Albumin | PLGA | 150 | BALB/c mouse hind limb | Covalently linking 150 nm-diameter poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles to microbubbles before intravenous injection does improve their delivery to skeletal muscle | 21456081 | |