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. 2017 Oct 27;7:14230. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14589-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The smell of propionic acid is sufficient to promote feeding behaviors in a low nutrient medium. (a) Feeding assay of w ¹¹¹⁸ larvae in the context of a poor medium (0.4% yeast). Foraging larvae ingested significantly more food in the presence of 1% propionic acid (***p < 0.0001 t-TEST, n = 15 independent replicates). (b) Rate of mouth hook contractions in the presence of different odorants forw ¹¹¹⁸ larvae. Only propionic acid elicited a statistically significant increase of mouth hooks contractions of 20% with respect to the control (One-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test p < 0.05, n = 15). (c) The propionic acid-stimulated increase on mouth hook contractions required functional Or30a⁺ and Or94b⁺ neurons (Two-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-hoc test, p < 0.05). Data represents the average ± standard error of the mean and a minimum of 15 independent replicates were considered for each experimental group.