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. 2017 Oct 27;7:14273. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14690-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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α-GalCer-pp65_495-503 elicits a cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cell phenotype and expression of interferon-inducible genes. (A) Representative flow plots and (B) summary graph from four donors showing expression of CD107a and IFN-γ by NLV-specific CD8⁺ T cells 7 days after addition of equimolar concentrations of pp65_495-503 peptide alone, pp65_495-503 admixed with α-GalCer or the α-GalCer-pp65_495-503 conjugate. ****p < 0.0001; ***p < 0.001; *p < 0.05, two way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (C) Nanostring RNA analysis was performed on whole PBMCs from human donors (n = 4) treated with α-GalCer-pp65_495-503, pp65_495-503 peptide, or α-GalCer for 7 days. Heatmap shows the genes at least two-fold up-regulated in response to α-GalCer-pp65_495-503, compared with media alone, in all four donors.