Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics* of the Study Population. Tehran Lipids and Glucose Study (1999–2014).
| HTN (−)/DM (−) | HTN (+)/ DM (−) | HTN (−)/ DM (+) | HTN (+)/ DM (+) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (N = 1311) | |||||
| Age, year | 59.8(7.7) | 63.0(8.0) | 61.38(7.8) | 62.3(7.3) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m 2 | 25.4(3.8) | 26.9(3.8) | 26.9(3.9) | 28.3(3.7) | <0.001 |
| Waist/Hip | 0.94(0.07) | 0.97(0.06) | 0.97(0.07) | 1.0(0.06) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 118.3(11.3) | 150.5(17.6) | 122.8(11.2) | 153.0(22.8) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 74.5(8.3) | 90.1(11.1) | 75.3(8.1) | 90.0(13.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 382(56.7) | 204(56.4) | 94(65.3) | 97(74.0) | 0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 185(27.4) | 53(14.6) | 35(24.3) | 21(16.0) | <0.001 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.64 | ||||
| <6 years | 375(55.6) | 218(60.2) | 83(57.6) | 78(59.5) | |
| 6–12 years | 217(32.2) | 113(31.2) | 45(31.2) | 41(31.3) | |
| ≥12 years | 82(12.2) | 31(8.6) | 16(11.1) | 12(9.2) | |
| Low physical activity, n (%) | 461(68.4) | 248(68.5) | 97(67.4) | 97(74.0) | 0.6 |
| Lipid lowering drugs, n (%) | 8(1.2) | 15(4.1) | 11(7.6) | 10(7.6) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension drug, n (%) | — | 88(24.3) | — | 37(28.2) | NA |
| Diabetes drug, n (%) | — | — | 53(36.8) | 37(28.2) | NA |
| Women (N = 1436) | |||||
| Age, year | 57.3(6.3) | 60.0(7.1) | 57.5(5.4) | 60.8(6.9) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m 2 | 28.25(4.3) | 29.7(4.4) | 28.6(4.3) | 30.5(5.1) | <0.001 |
| Waist/Hip | 0.88(0.08) | 0.9(0.08) | 0.92(0.07) | 0.94(0.08) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 118.7(11.3) | 148.2(20.1) | 122.7(10.3) | 151.9(20.4) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 75.8(7.6) | 90.0(11.1) | 77.1(6.8) | 90.0(11.6) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 489(81.5) | 405(86.0) | 107(82.9) | 213(90.3) | 0.01 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 29(4.8) | 11(2.3) | 5(3.9) | 5(2.1) | 0.09 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.02 | ||||
| <<6 years | 486(81.0) | 403(85.6) | 108(83.7) | 215(91.1) | |
| 6–12 years | 97(16.2) | 58(12.3) | 20(15.5) | 19(8.1) | |
| ≥12 years | 17(2.8) | 10(2.1) | 1(0.8) | 2(0.8) | |
| Low physical activity, n (%) | 427(71.2) | 344(73.0) | 91(70.5) | 181(76.7) | 0.4 |
| Lipid lowering drugs, n (%) | 39(6.5) | 46(9.8) | 19(14.7) | 42(17.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension drug, n (%) | — | 207(43.9) | — | 126(53.4) | NA |
| Diabetes drug, n (%) | — | — | 62(48.1) | 108(45.8) | NA |
| Total population (N = 2747) | |||||
| Number (%) | 1274(46.4) | 833(30.3) | 273(9.9) | 367(13.4) | |
| Female, n (%) | 674(52.9) | 362(43.5) | 144(52.7) | 131(35.7) | <0.001 |
| Age, year | 58.7(7.2) | 61.3(7.6) | 59.6(7.0) | 61.3(7.1) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m 2 | 26.7(4.3) | 28.5(4.4) | 27.7(4.2) | 29.7(4.8) | <0.001 |
| Waist/Hip | 0.91(0.08) | 0.93(0.08) | 0.95(0.08) | 0.96(0.07) | |
| SBP, mm Hg | 118.5(11.3) | 149.9(19.1) | 122.7(10.8) | 152.1(21.3) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 75.1(8.0) | 90.0(11.1) | 76.1(7.6) | 90.0(12.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 871(68.4) | 609(73.1) | 201(73.6) | 310(84.5) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 214(16.8) | 64(7.7) | 40(14.7) | 26(7.1) | <0.001 |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <6 years | 861(67.6) | 621(74.5) | 191(70.0) | 293(79.8) | |
| 6–12 years | 314(24.6) | 171(20.5) | 65(23.8) | 60(16.3) | |
| ≥12 years | 99(7.8) | 41(4.9) | 17(6.2) | 14(3.8) | |
| Low physical activity, n (%) | 888(69.7) | 592(71.1) | 188(68.9) | 278(75.7) | 0.13 |
| Lipid lowering drugs, n (%) | 47(3.7) | 61(7.3) | 30(11.0) | 52(14.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension drug, n (%) | — | 295(35.4) | — | 163(44.4) | NA |
| Diabetes drug, n (%) | — | — | 115(42.1) | 145(39.5) | NA |
*For continuous variables, mean (SD) is reported; P values for differences across four categories of hypertension and diabetes were calculated using ANOVA test. For categorical variables, frequency is reported; P values for differences across four categories of hypertension and diabetes were calculated using Chi-square test.
HTN, hypertension; DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; SBP, Systolic blood pressure, DBP, Diastolic blood pressure, NA, not applicable.