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. 2017 Oct 23;8:1325. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01325

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Copyright © 2017 Oghumu, Casto, Ahn-Jarvis, Weghorst, Maloney, Geuy, Horvath, Bollinger, Warner, Summersgill, Weghorst and Knobloch.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Gene expression profiles of the pro-inflammatory markers Cxcl1, Mif, Nfe212, Il-1β, Nfkb1, Arg1, Ptgs1, and Ptgs2 during 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral carcinogenesis determined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Data are presented as mean fold induction over sentinels ± SE. *p-value < 0.05 for each group (N ≥ 20) comparison using analysis of variance analysis. (B) Serum concentrations of cyclooxygenase 1 (Cox-1) and Cox-2 in randomly selected rats from each experimental group (N = 15) during 4NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data are presented as mean ± SE. *p-value < 0.05 for each respective group comparison using independent Student’s t-test.