Figure 6.

(A) Gene expression profiles of the apoptotic biomarkers Birc5 and Casp14 during 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral carcinogenesis as determined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Data are presented as mean fold induction over sentinels ± SE. *p-value < 0.05 for each group (N ≥ 20) comparison using analysis of variance analysis. (B) Representative immunohistochemistry stained microscopic images (×100) of tongue tissues from sentinel rats and 4NQO exposed rats fed control diet, black raspberry (BRB) supplemented diet, or ellagic acid (EA) supplemented diet. Paraffin sections were stained with antibodies against cleaved caspase 3 and counterstained with hematoxylin. In 4NQO-exposed sections, regions of dysplasia or squamous cell carcinomas are shown. Arrow points to positively stained (apoptotic) cells.