Table 1.

Analysis of gross lesions in tongues of rats induced with the oral carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), with or without dietary administration of chemopreventive agent.

Group	Survival	Tumor incidence	Tumor multiplicity	Lesion incidence	Lesion multiplicity
4NQO	33/35 (94.3%)	6/33 (18.2%)	0.18	30/33 (90.9%)	3.39
4NQO + 5% black raspberries (BRB)	30/35 (85.7%)	1/30 (3.3%)	0.03	23/30 (76.7%)	2.27
4NQO + 10% BRB	34/35 (97.1%)	1/34 (2.9%)	0.03	28/34 (82.4%)	2.35
4NQO + 0.4% ellagic acid	28/35 (80.0%)	1/28 (3.6%)	0.03	24/28 (85.7%)	4.18