FIG 4.

Minocycline treatment reduces proinflammatory (M1) gene expression and increases anti-inflammatory (M2) gene expression during WNV infection in SCSC. RT-qPCR analysis data were graphed to show the percent change in expression with minocycline treatment at each time point for each gene. When categorized as M1 or M2, a clear pattern was observed with minocycline treatment, with large-scale reductions in M1 gene expression (red bars) and increases in M2 gene expression (green bars). Iba1 and GFAP expression are also indicated (black bars) to show minocycline effects on glial activation. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; unpaired Student t test).