A. MEF cells, wildtype, LKB1 KO, or AMPKα1 & α2 KO, were treated with metformin (10mM) for 24 hours, followed by BMP6 (25ng/ml) for 30 min. B–C. FOP fibroblasts were infected with adenovirus in varying volumes for 48 hours. The virus expresses an active mutant of AMPKα1 (AMPK-CA) (B) or a dominant negative mutant of AMPKα1 (AMPK-DN) (C), both tagged with the flat epitope, or GFP as a control. The cells were treated with or without metformin (10mM) for 24 hours and followed with BMP6 (50ng/ml) for 30 min. Equal amounts of cell extracts (20μg) were blotted with antibodies, as indicated.