Placental glucose and fatty acid metabolism at E12.5. Different diets were fed to dams from 4 weeks before timed-mating to gestational day 12.5. (A) mRNA abundance was measured by real-time PCR. (B) Macronutrient transport proteins were assessed by western blot. (C) Glycogen and triglyceride accumulation in the placenta were measured using assay kits. Solid bars, NFCO, n = 8; shaded bars, NFCS, n = 6; open bars, HFCO, n = 7; hatched bars, HFCS, n = 6. n is the number of dams. Two placentas in each dam were included in the analysis. Values are mean ± standard error of mean (SEM); different letters indicate P < 0.05; ns: not significant. Acox1: Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1; Cd36: fatty acid translocase; Cpt1b: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b; Fas: fatty acid synthase; Fatp: fatty acid transport protein; Glut: glucose transporter; Lpl: lipoprotein lipase. NF: normal-fat diet; HF: high-fat diet; CO: control; CS: choline supplemented.