Table 4.

Placental choline-derived metabolites at E12.5¹

(nmol metabolite/g tissue)	NFCO (n = 6)	NFCS (n = 6)	HFCO (n = 6)	HFCS (n = 6)
Choline	392 ± 39^a	432 ± 39^a	317 +39^a	359 ± 39^a
Betaine	3,854 ± 1,831^a	5,801 ± 1,831^a	7,826 ± 1,831^a	5,060 ± 1,831^a
Acetylcholine	0.035 ± 0.010^a	0.075 ± 0.010^b	0.024 ± 0.010^a	0.030 ± 0.010^a
Methionine	196 ± 16^a	156 ± 16^a	193 ± 16^a	182 ± 16^a
Glycerophosphocholine	317 ± 30^a	357 ± 30^a	292 ± 30^a	309 ± 30^a
Phosphocholine	781 ± 80^a	617 ± 80^a	640 ± 80^a	712 ± 80^a
Phosphatidylcholine	9,069 ± 517^b	8,789 ± 562^b	7,230 ± 562^a	9,288 ± 562^b
Sphingomyelin	2,253 ± 311^a	1,952 ± 364^a	2,287 ± 412^a	2,477 ± 412^a

Different diets were fed to dams from 4 weeks before timed-mating to gestational day 12.5. Data were analyzed using the general linear model. Different letters indicate P < 0.05; n is the number of dams. One placenta was used for analysis for each dam. Values represent means ± standard error of mean (SEM). NF: normal-fat diet; HF: high-fat diet; CO: control; CS: choline supplemented