Table 2.
FGCS technology in major crops.
| Crop name | Embryo age ready for culture (days post anthesis) | Embryo culture medium | One generation time using FGCS (days) | Generations per year using FGCS | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barley (Hordeum vulgare) | >10 (optimum 12) | MS (salts + vitamins) + 1% sucrose + 10% young coconut juice + 0.52% phytagel (pH 5.8) | 39–50 | Up to 9 generations per year | Zheng et al., 2013 |
| Wheat (Triticum aestivum) | >10 (optimum 12) | MS (salts + vitamins) + 1% sucrose + 10% young coconut juice + 0.52% phytagel (pH 5.8) | 42–55 | Up to 8 generations per year | Wang et al., 2003; Zheng et al., 2013; Yao et al., 2017 |
| Rice (Oryza sativa) | 7 | MS salts + 2% sucrose + 0.8% agar (pH 5.8) | 60 | 6 generations per year | Ohnishi et al., 2011 |
| Maize (Zea mays) | 60 | 6 generations per year | Pioneer, 2008 | ||
| Oat (Avena sativa) | 12 | MS (salts + vitamins) + 1% sucrose + 10% young coconut juice + 0.52% phytagel (pH 5.8) | 49–59 | Up to 7 generations per year | Liu et al., 2016 |
| Triticale (× Triticosecale) | 12 | MS (salts + vitamins) + 1% sucrose + 10% young coconut juice + 0.52% phytagel (pH 5.8) | 48–61 | Up to 7 generations per year | Liu et al., 2016 |
| Brassica spp. | 10–12 | MS (salts + vitamins) + 1% sucrose + 10% young coconut juice + 0.52% phytagel (pH 5.8) | 48–56 | Up to 7 generations per year in B. napus | Yao et al., 2016 |
| Legumes (Fabaceae) | 18–20 in pea (Pisum sativum) | MS (salts + vitamins) + 0.6% agar (pH5.6 – 6) (with or without sucrose or growth regulators according to species) | 50–90 (pea) | 5–6 generations per year (pea) | Ochatt and Sangwan, 2010; Ribalta et al., 2014 |