Table 2.
Selected studies using anti-CD154mAb in pig-to-nonhuman primate xenotransplantation.
| First author (year) | Donor pig | Recipient NHP | Immunosuppressive regimen | Longest survival (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart xenotransplantation, heterotopic | ||||
| Buhler (2000) [86] | WT | Baboon | TBI, TI, splenectomy, IA, ATG, CVF, CSA, or anti-CD154mAb, MMF +/− pig stem cells | N.A |
| Houser (2004) [87] | CD55 | Baboon | ATG, anti-CD2mAb, TI, CVF, anti-CD154mAb, MMF, CS | 139 |
| Dor (2005) [88] | GTKO | Baboon | ATG, anti-CD154mAb, MMF, CS | 179 |
| Kuwaki (2005) [89] | GTKO | Baboon | ATG, anti-CD2mAb, TI, CVF, anti-CD154mAb | 179 |
| Wu (2005) [90] | CD46 | Baboon | ATG, anti-CD154mAb, +/− anti-CD20mAb +/− CTLA4-Fc | 11 |
| Wu (2007) [91] | CD46 | Baboon | ATG, anti-CD154mAb, GAS194 or TPC, +/− IA | 36 |
| Ezzelarab (2009) [92] | GTKO | Baboon | ATG, CVF, anti-CD154mAb, MMF, CS | 56 |
| Mohiuddin (2012) [93] | GTKO.CD46 | Baboon | ATG, anti-CD20mAb, anti-CD154mAb, MMF, CS | 236 |
| Kim (2013) [94] | GTKO | Cynomolgus | ATG, anti-CD20mAb, anti-CD154mAb, tacrolimus, CS | 24 |
| Ezzelarab (2015) [95] | GTKO | Baboon | ATG, anti-CD154mAb, MMF | 56 |
| Iwase (2015) [96] | GTKO.CD46.TBM | Baboon | ATG, anti-CD20mAb, anti-CD154mAb, MMF, CS | 52 |
| Kidney xenotransplantation | ||||
| Buhler (2000) [86] | WT | Baboon | TBI, TI, splenectomy, IA, ATG, CVF, CSA, or anti-CD154mAb, MMF +/− pig stem cells | N.A |
| Buhler (2001) [97] | CD55 | Baboon | TBI, TI, splenectomy, IA, ATG, CVF, anti-CD154mAb, MMF, CS | 29 |
| Barth (2003) [98] | CD55 | Baboon | Thymokidneys, anti-CD2mAb, ATG, anti-CD154mAb, CyP, CVF, MMF, CS | 229 |
| Gollackner (2003) [99] | CD55 | Baboon | TI, splenectomy, IA, ATG, anti-CD154mAb, CyP, CVF, MMF, CS | 13 |
| Knosalla (2003) [100] | CD55 | Baboon | TI, splenectomy, IA, ATG, anti-CD154mAb, CyP, CVF, MMF, CS | 29 |
| Yamada (2005) [75] | GTKO | Baboon | Vascularized thymic lobe, WBI, anti-CD2mAb, anti-CD154mAb, MMF, CS, CVF | 68 |
| Shimizu (2005) [101] | CD55 | Baboon | Thymokidneys, splenectomy, IA, anti-CD3mAb, ATG, anti-CD154mAb, CyP, CVF, MMF | 30 |
| Griesemer (2009) [102] | GTKO | Baboon | Thymectomy, splenectomy, TBI, ATG, anti-CD2mAb, anti-CD154mAb, tacrolimus, MMF, anti-CD20mAb | 83 |
| Lin (2010) [103] | GTKO.CD46 | Baboon | ATG, antiCD154mAb, MMF, CVF, CS | 16 |
| Nishimura (2011) [104] | GTKO | Baboon | Thymokidney, thymectomy, splenectomy, anti-CD3, antiCD2mAb, ATG, anti-CD20mAb, tacrolimus, MMF, anti-CD154mAb | 15 |
| Ezzelarab (2015) [95] | GTKO | Baboon | ATG, anti-CD154mAb, MMF | 10 |
| Higginbotham (2015) [22] | GTKO.CD55 | Rhesus | Anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD154mAb, MMF, CS | 310 |
| Kim (2017) [76] | GTKO.CD55 | Rhesus | Anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD154mAb, MMF, CS | 405 |
| Liver xenotransplantation | ||||
| Kim (2002) [105] | GTKO | Baboon | ATG, LoCD2b, CVF, anti-CD154mAb, azathioprine, tacrolimus, CS | 9 |
| Navarro-Alvarez (2016) [106] | GTKO | Baboon | ATG, LoCD2b, CVF, anti-CD154mAb, tacrolimus, CS | 6 |
| Islet xenotransplantation | ||||
| Buhler (2002) [18] | WT | Baboon | Splenectomy, IA, TBI, ATG, CVF, anti-CD154mAb, CSA, MMF, CS | 28 |
| Hering (2006) [107] | WT | Cynomolgus | Anti-CD25mAb, FTY720, rapamycin, anti-CD154mAb | 187 |
| Cardona (2006) [108] | WT | Rhesus | Anti-CD25mAb, anti-CD154mAb, CTLA4-Ig | >260 |
| Rood (2007) [109] | GTKO | Cynomolgus | ATG, CVF, anti-CD154mAb, MMF, tacrolimus | >58 |
| Casu (2008) [110] | WT | Cynomolgus | ATG, anti-CD154mAb, MMF | >60 |
| van der Windt (2009) [19] | CD46 | Cynomolgus | ATG, anti-CD154mAb, MMF | 396 |
| Thompson (2011) [20] | GTKO | Rhesus | Anti-CD154mAb, anti-LFA1mAb, MMF, belatacept | 249 |
| Bottino (2014) [111] | GTKO.CD46. TFPI.CTLA4Ig.CD39 | Cynomolgus | ATG, MMF, anti-CD154mAb, CS | 365 |
| Shin (2015) [112] | WT | Rhesus | Anti-CD154mAb, ATG, rapamycin, CVF, adalimumab | >603 |
ATG: antithymocyte globulin; CS: corticosteroids; CSA: cyclosporine A; CVF: cobra venom factor; CyP: cyclophosphamide; NHP: nonhuman primate; TBI: total body irradiation; TI: thymus irradiation; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MMF: mycophenolate mofetil; mAb: monoclonal antibody; GTKO: α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout; GAS914: a soluble glycoconjugate comprising Gal on poly-L-lysine backbone; N.A: not applicable; TBM: thrombomodulin; TPC: an aGal-polyethylene glycol polymer conjugate; WT: wild-type.