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Bacterial enumeration and pH measurement in the co-culture experiment. Lactobacilli and C. perfringens were individually or together inoculated into the MRS broth with equal CFU and cultured at 37°C for 20 h. The enumeration of C. perfringens (A) and lactobacilli (B) as well as pH values of cultures (C) were determined at the end of incubation. Data are presented as mean ± standard error (n = 3). **P < 0.01. La, L. acidophilus; Lf, L. fermentum; Cp, C. perfringens.
