Table 3.
Frequency and HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality by quartile and per SD higher serum endothelin-1 level
| Variable/Model | Quartile of Endothelin-1 (Range) | Continuous Endothelin-1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1: 0.1–1.0 pg/ml | Quartile 2: 1.1–1.3 pg/ml | Quartile 3: 1.4–1.6 pg/ml | Quartile 4: 1.7–9.6 pg/ml | P Value for Trend | Frequency or HR (95% CI)a | P Value | |
| All-cause mortality, % (n/N)b | 7.2 (121/1680) | 11.3 (147/1305) | 10.8 (106/979) | 18.6 (230/1236) | <0.001 | 11.6 (604/5200) | — |
| Unadjusted | 1 (Reference) | 1.62 (1.27 to 2.06) | 1.55 (1.20 to 2.02) | 2.83 (2.27 to 3.52) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.24 to 1.35) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted for age and sex | 1 (Reference) | 1.32 (1.04 to 1.68) | 1.13 (0.87 to 1.47) | 1.90 (1.52 to 2.37) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.16 to 1.28) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted for age, sex, and risk factorsc | 1 (Reference) | 1.21 (0.90 to 1.63) | 1.18 (0.86 to 1.61) | 1.68 (1.27 to 2.21) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted for age, sex, risk factors,c and eGFR | 1 (Reference) | 1.20 (0.89 to 1.62) | 1.18 (0.86 to 1.61) | 1.64 (1.24 to 2.16) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) | <0.001 |
—, not applicable.
a
HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality per one SD higher endothelin-1 level (0.62 pg/ml).
b
N = all participants with nonmissing endothelin-1 values within each endothelin-1 quartile.
c
Risk factors: BMI, smoking, hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, hemoglobin A1c, diabetes, total and HDL cholesterol, history of cardiovascular disease, C-reactive protein, and hematocrit.