Table II.
Association between expression of clock genes and clinical parameters of liver, colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer.
| Author, year | Cancer type | Country | Association | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lin et al, 2008 | Liver | Taiwan | Per2 and Per3 were correlated with the size of liver cancer; Tim was correlated with the pathological grade of liver cancer | (82) |
| Yang et al, 2014 | Liver | China | Association of clock genes with clinical parameters was not analyzed | (83) |
| Krugluger et al, 2007 | Colorectal | Austria | Per1 expression in poorly differentiated tumors was significantly decreased, particularly in female patients | (84) |
| Wang et al, 2011 | Colorectal | China | Per2 expression was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, TNM stage and depth of infiltration | (85) |
| Mazzoccoli et al, 2011 | Colorectal | Italy | Per1 and Per3 were correlated with patients' survival time; Tim was correlated with TNM stage | (86) |
| Oshima et al, 2011 | Colorectal | Japan | High expression of BMAL1 and low expression of Per1 were correlated with liver metastasis; patients with high Per2 expression had a better prognosis | (87) |
| Wang et al, 2012 | Colorectal | China | Per3 was correlated with tumor differentiation, degree of differentiation and TNM stage; Per3-negative patients exhibited a higher mortality and shorter survival time | (88) |
| Karantanos et al, 2013 | Colorectal | China | High CLOCK expression was positively correlated with poor tumor differentiation, advanced stage and lymphatic metastasis | (89) |
| Wang et al, 2013 | Colorectal | China | High Cry1 expression was correlated with lymphatic metastasis, TNM stage and poor prognosis | (90) |
| Yu et al, 2013 | Colorectal | Greece | No association was observed between CLOCK, BMAL1 or Per1-3 and clinical parameters of colorectal cancer | (91) |
| Wang et al, 2015 | Colorectal | China | The expression of Per1 was significantly associated with distant metastasis, but not with patients' prognosis | (92) |
| Zhao et al, 2014 | Gastric | China | Per1 and Per2 were correlated with the clinical stage of gastric cancer and depth of infiltration; Per1 was also correlated with lymphatic metastasis and degree of pathological differentiation; patients with high Per2 expression had a better prognosis | (93) |
| Hu et al, 2014 | Gastric | Taiwan | High Cry1 expression was positively correlated with advanced gastric cancer | (94) |
| Relles et al, 2013 | Pancreatic | USA | Low expression of clock genes was associated with short survival time | (95) |
Per, period; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis; Tim, timeless; BMAL1, brain and muscle arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1; CLOCK, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; Cry, cryptochrome.