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editorial

. 2017 Apr 21;2:17014. doi: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.14

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Ubiquitylation regulates embryonic stem cells (ESCs) pluripotency, differentiation and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) generation. The E3 ligases Fbxw8, Wwp2 and (3-Trcp regulate core transcription factor, such as Nanog, Sox2, Oct4 and Klf4, abundance and functions in ESCs. The deubiquitinating enzymes, USP21 regulate Nanog ubiquitination, maintain the self-renewal of ESCs and promote the efficiency of iPSCs.