Table 1. Sec proteins in human cancer.

Protein	Study	Tumor entity	No. of patients	Animal model	Cell lines	Findings
Sec61γ	Lu et al.85	Glioblastoma	N=59	/	H80, HeLa	SEC61G is amplified and overexpressed in glioblastomas; SEC61G silencing suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis; ER stress induces SEC61G expression
Sec62	Jung et al.88	Prostate cancer	N=22	/	PC3, U145, DU145MN1	SEC62 copy-number gains in 50% of all prostate cancer samples+increased Sec62 protein level; however, copy-number gain in patients with lower risk of and longer time to progression
	Greiner et al.89	55 different tumor entities	N=2071	/	DU145, PC3, LNCaP	SEC62 silencing sensitizes DU145, PC3 and LNCaP cells to thapsigargin treatment; correlation of thapsigargin sensitivity with SEC62 expression in DU145, PC3 and LNCaP cells; 72% of all tumors show SEC62 expression; SEC62 overexpression in tumor tissue compared with healthy tissue of the same organ in lung cancer (93–97%) and thyroid cancer (87–100%); SEC62 silencing reduces the migration of all tested cell lines
	Greiner et al.94	Prostate cancer	N=32	/	A549, H1299, HT1080, TX3868, PC3	SEC62 overexpression in the majority of prostate cancer cases correlating with the Gleason score
	Linxweiler et al.90	NSCLC thyroid cancer	N=70 N=10	/ /	A549, BC01, BHT101, ML1, HEK293	SEC62 overexpression in tumor tissue compared with healthy lung tissue; high expression levels correlate lymph node metastases and poor tumor differentiation; SEC62 silencing inhibits the migration of NSCLC cells; increased Sec62 protein (40%) and mRNA (60%) levels in thyroid cancer compared with tumor-free tissue; SEC62 silencing inhibits the migration of BC01, BHT101 and ML1 cells, and sensitizes the cells to thapsigargin-induced ER stress; SEC62 overexpression stimulates the migration of HEK293 cells
	Weng et al.93	HCC	N=110	/	/	High SEC62 expression in PBMCs correlates with reduced recurrent-free survival; Sec62 as an independent predictor of HCC recurrence
	Linxweiler et al.68	NSCLC	N=70	/	PC3, HeLa, A549, BC01, BHT101, ML1, HEK293	High SEC62 expression correlates with a poorer OS; effect of SEC62 silencing on tumor cell migration and ER stress tolerance can be mimicked by CaM anatgonists; SEC62 overexpression in HEK293 cells increases ER stress tolerance
	Hagerstrand et al.102	26 different tumor entities	N=3131	C.Cg/AnNTac-Foxn1nunu mice	T47D, HCC1937, H3255, HCC95, H1819, H26, TE6, RPMI8226, Fu-Ov-O1, COLO320, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, ZR75-1, HMEC, HCC364, DLD1, HMLE	3q26 amplification: 22% of tumor samples (43.7% in ovarian cancer, 31.7% in breast cancer, 31.2% in non-small-cell lung cancer). 3q26-encoded SEC62 is required for the proliferation of celll lines with 3q26 amplification; SEC62 overexpression in HMLE cells induces subcutaneous tumor growth in C.Cg/AnNTac-Foxn1nunu mice; SEC62 expression level correlates wtih 3q26 amplification; SEC62 as a tumor-driver gene of the 3q26 region
	Wemmert et al.92	HNSCC	N=35	/	/	High Sec62 protein level is associated with poorer OS and PFS
	Linxweiler et al.91	Cervical cancer	N=107	/	HeLa, MCF7	Stepwise increase in SEC62 expression depending on the severity of dysplasia with the highest expression in invasive cervical cancer; SEC62 silencing inhibits and SEC62 overexpression stimulates the migration of cervical cancer cells
Sec63	Mori et al.82	Gastric cancer CRC	N=16 N=43	/	/	Frameshift mutations of the SEC63 gene due to microsatellite instability in 37.5% of gastric cancers and 48.8% of colorectal cancers
	Schulmann et al.83	HNPCC-associated SBC	N=17	/	/	Frameshift mutations of the SEC63 gene due to microsatellite instaibility in 56% of HNPCC-associated small-bowel cancers
	Casper et al.84	HCC	N=1	BXD mice	/	Microsatellite instability in the SEC63 gene in the tested HCC case; correlation of low hepatic SEC63 expression with decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation rate in the mouse model

Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; HCC, hepatocellular cancer; HMLE, human mammary epithelial; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; HNPCC, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; OS, overall survival, PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PFS, progression-free survival, SBC, small-bowel cancer; SEC61G, Sec61γ-coding gene.