Figure 5.

Eupatolide inhibits TGF-β1-induced ALK5 expression. MDA-MB-231 cells were pre-treated for 30 min with 10 µM eupatolide and additionally incubated in the presence or absence of 50 ng/ml TGF-β1 for the indicated times. (A) The transcript levels of ALK1, ALK2, ALK3, ALK4 and ALK5 were measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. (B) SP1 and p-SP1 levels were measured by western blotting. (C) Schematic diagram showing the TGF-β signaling pathway inhibited by eupatolide. TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; EuTL, eupatolide; p-SP1, phosphorylated transcription factor Sp1; ALK5, activin receptor-like kinase 5.