Artesunate suppressed the gene and protein expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 and HIF-1α, and increased the protein expression of caspase-3 in mouse EOMA cell lines. (A) The transcript levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and HIF-1α mRNA were analyzed using RT-qPCR; β-actin was included as the loading control. VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 and HIF-1α expression was significantly downregulated by artesunate. The results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation from three separate experiments (*P<0.05, #P<0.01, vs. control). (B) Western blot analysis of the protein expression in EOMA cells treated with artesunate for 24, 48 and 72 h, to evaluate VEGFA, VEGFR-1, VEGFR2, HIF-1α and caspase 3 expression. (C) Results presented are representative data of at least three independent experiments (*P<0.05, #P<0.01, vs. control). VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1α.