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Mean surface roughness values (Rrms) ± standard deviation.
| Groups | Mean ± standard deviation (nm) |
|---|---|
| Group 1 (negative control) | 149.84 ± 15.84a |
| Group 2 (positive control) | 261.70 ± 25.99e |
| Group 3 | 171.18 ± 16.78b |
| Group 4 | 193.09 ± 8.38c |
| Group 5 | 214.57 ± 9.20d |
Different superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences (one-way ANOVA; Tukey's test; p < 0.05; n = 10).
