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Clinical characteristics of the 31 study subjects
| Characteristics | Mean ± SD | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Gender (female:male) | 5:26 | |
| Age (years) | 72±10 | 39–86 |
| Smoking status (ex-smoker:current smoker) | 15:16 | |
| Smoking index (pack-years) | 47±11 | 2–100 |
| FEV1.0/FVC | 0.71±0.13 | 0.41–0.92 |
Abbreviations: FEV1.0, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; SD, standard deviation.
