Table 1. Baseline Population Characteristics of 11 429 Participants.
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 54.0 (5.7) |
| Female | 6211 (54) |
| Race-study center | |
| Washington County, Maryland (white) | 2577 (22.5) |
| Jackson, Mississippi (black) | 2582 (22.6) |
| Minneapolis, Minnesota (white) | 3149 (27.5) |
| Forsyth, North Carolina (black) | 352 (3.1) |
| Forsyth, North Carolina (white) | 2789 (24.4) |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | |
| Systolic | 120.3 (18.4) |
| Diastolic | 73.3 (11.0) |
| Resting heart rate, mean (SD), beats per min | 66.9 (10.1) |
| EGFR, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 102.4 (15.5) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.1 (4.7) |
| Leisure index, mean (SD), U | 2.4 (0.6) |
| Diabetes | 1246 (10.9) |
| Hypertension | 3716 (32.5) |
| Hypertensive medication use in past 2 weeks | 3234 (28.3) |
| History of coronary heart disease | 517 (4.5) |
| History of stroke | 186 (1.6) |
| History of heart failure | 447 (3.9) |
| Dizzy on standing | 1138 (10.0) |
| Diuretic use | 1843 (16.1) |
| Antidepressant use | 320 (2.8) |
| Sedative use | 172 (1.5) |
| Hypnotic medication use | 226 (2.0) |
| Antipsychotic medication use | 78 (0.7) |
| Anticholinergic use | 222 (1.9) |
| Alcohol use | |
| Never | 2743 (24.0) |
| Former | 2062 (18.0) |
| Current | 6624 (58.0) |
| Education attainment | |
| Less than high school | 2440 (21.3) |
| High school or vocational school | 4742 (41.5) |
| At least some college or professional school | 4247 (37.2) |
| Smoking status | |
| Never | 4713 (41.2) |
| Former | 3748 (32.8) |
| Current | 2968 (26.0) |
Abbreviations: BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), body mass index; EGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.