Table 3. The Association Between Orthostatic Hypotension and Falls, Syncope, Fracture, or Mortality According to Measurement in 11 429 Participantsa.
| BP Assessment | Measure | Falls (n = 2089) |
Fracture (n = 3104) |
Syncope (n = 2326) |
Motor Vehicle Crash (n = 426) |
Mortality (n = 4119) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Orthostatic hypotension | 1 | 1.22 (1.03-1.44) | .02 | 1.16 (1.01-1.34) | .04 | 1.40 (1.20-1.63) | <.001 | 1.21 (0.81-1.80) | .35 | 1.36 (1.23-1.51) | <.001 |
| 2 | 1.29 (1.12-1.49) | <.001 | 1.14 (1.01-1.29) | .04 | 1.36 (1.19-1.55) | <.001 | 1.43 (1.04-1.96) | .03 | 1.42 (1.29-1.55) | <.001 | |
| 3 | 1.28 (1.09-1.50) | .002 | 1.09 (0.95-1.26) | .21 | 1.40 (1.21-1.62) | <.001 | 1.39 (0.97-2.00) | .07 | 1.40 (1.27-1.56) | <.001 | |
| 4 | 1.20 (1.01-1.43) | .04 | 1.03 (0.89-1.21) | .67 | 1.32 (1.12-1.54) | .001 | 1.21 (0.81-1.81) | .35 | 1.39 (1.25-1.55) | <.001 | |
| 5 | 0.99 (0.75-1.29) | .93 | 1.02 (0.82-1.26) | .88 | 1.35 (1.07-1.69) | .01 | 1.20 (0.67-2.17) | .54 | 1.28 (1.07-1.51) | .006 | |
| Postural change in SBP, per −5 mm Hg | 1 | 1.07 (1.05-1.09) | <.001 | 1.06 (1.04-1.07) | <.001 | 1.06 (1.04-1.08) | <.001 | 1.03 (0.99-1.07) | .11 | 1.08 (1.07-1.10) | <.001 |
| 2 | 1.09 (1.07-1.11) | <.001 | 1.07 (1.05-1.08) | <.001 | 1.09 (1.07-1.11) | <.001 | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | .03 | 1.11 (1.10-1.13) | <.001 | |
| 3 | 1.07 (1.05-1.09) | <.001 | 1.05 (1.03-1.06) | <.001 | 1.08 (1.06-1.10) | <.001 | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | .06 | 1.09 (1.07-1.10) | <.001 | |
| 4 | 1.05 (1.03-1.07) | <.001 | 1.03 (1.01-1.04) | .002 | 1.06 (1.04-1.08) | <.001 | 1.00 (0.96-1.04) | .99 | 1.05 (1.04-1.07) | <.001 | |
| 5 | 1.04 (1.01-1.06) | .008 | 1.02 (1.00-1.04) | .13 | 1.03 (1.00-1.06) | .03 | 1.00 (0.95-1.07) | .89 | 1.02 (1.00-1.04) | .02 | |
| Postural change in DBP, per −5 mm Hg | 1 | 1.14 (1.10-1.18) | <.001 | 1.11 (1.08-1.14) | <.001 | 1.16 (1.12-1.19) | <.001 | 1.01 (0.94-1.09) | .73 | 1.18 (1.15-1.21) | <.001 |
| 2 | 1.16 (1.12-1.20) | <.001 | 1.12 (1.08-1.15) | <.001 | 1.18 (1.14-1.22) | <.001 | 1.05 (0.97-1.14) | .22 | 1.20 (1.17-1.23) | <.001 | |
| 3 | 1.09 (1.05-1.13) | <.001 | 1.07 (1.04-1.10) | <.001 | 1.12 (1.09-1.16) | <.001 | 1.07 (0.99-1.16) | .11 | 1.14 (1.11-1.16) | <.001 | |
| 4 | 1.09 (1.05-1.13) | <.001 | 1.05 (1.02-1.08) | .001 | 1.11 (1.08-1.15) | <.001 | 1.02 (0.95-1.11) | .54 | 1.13 (1.10-1.16) | <.001 | |
| 5 | 1.11 (1.06-1.17) | <.001 | 1.07 (1.03-1.11) | <.001 | 1.09 (1.04-1.14) | <.001 | 0.99 (0.89-1.11) | .91 | 1.10 (1.06-1.14) | <.001 | |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; DPB, diastolic blood pressure; HR, hazard ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
All models adjusted for age, sex, race-study center, heart rate, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes, hypertension, alcohol use, education level, smoking status, leisure index, prior coronary heart disease, prior stroke, prior congestive heart failure, hypertension medication use in past 2 weeks, diuretic use, antidepressant use, sedative use, hypnotic use, antipsychotic medication use, anticholinergic medication use, resting SBP, and resting DBP. Unlike eTable 5 in the Supplement, each model includes only 1 measurement of orthostatic hypotension or postural change in SBP or DBP at a time. Measurement 5 has a much smaller sample size (n = 7385).